Effect of biopolishing on dye ability of cotton fabric - a review

The effect of biopolishing treatment on color yield of cotton is of great importance to the dyers. Such treatment using cellulase has an influential role on dye ability of the fabric. Research into this area of dyeing has yielded apparently contradictory results. Cellulase treatment prior to dyeing can facilitate the dyeing process resulting in the higher color yield. However, zero impact or negative influence on the color yield of dyed fabric has also been reported. On the other hand, cellulase treatment after dyeing can be retarded by the presence of dye molecules or due to the interaction between dye molecules and cellulose. Though lots of research works have been done on bio polishing and as the application of the process in the textile industry has increased to a greater extent, the information on the effects of this process on color yield, both in cases of cellulase pre-treatment and posttreatment are absolutely necessary. Considering this the paper mainly focuses the previous works regarding the effects of cellulase action (Both before and after dyeing) on the color yield of dyed cotton

Role of Remittance for Improving Quality of Life: Evidence from Bangladesh

Abstract. Remittance is a considerable source to influence the national economy. As the growing volume of remittance earning has positive impact on income, growth and poverty reduction, the potential contribution for improving quality of life of the domestic people need to be investigated. The main objective of the study was to analyse the contribution of remittance earning on the quality of life in Bangladesh. For the quality of life, HDI index, extensively accepted index consisting income, education and life expectancy, is used. This study covers the data for HDI and remittance earning from 1981 to 2011. The study employed the VEC (Vector Error Correction) model to analysis the desired relation between the variables. The estimated result shows the long run causality running from remittance to HDI. This result implies that the remittance has an influence on the quality of living in long run. To improve the quality of life, the government have the better choice to emphasis on the bottom level people for emigration after suitable training so that they can earn more; consequently send more remittances to their home country.Keywords. Workers, Remittance, Quality of life.JEL. F24, J24, I25

Invazija miksosporidijama na škrgama i koži šarana u uzgajalištima u Bangladešu: patohistološki nalaz.

Histopathological studies of gills and skin of juvenile carp infected with myxosporidian protozoans in two fish farms (Trisal Government fish farm and Jhalak Private fish farm) of Mymensingh district in Bangladesh were carried out during the period September to December 1994. A total of 140 carp ranging from 4 to12 cm in total length were examined and comprised 70 Labeo rohita (L. rohita), and 70 Cirrhina mrigala (C. mrigala). Samplings were carried out at 15 -day intervals. Pathological symptoms were more prominent in carp at the Government fish farm (GFF) than in those at the Private fish farm (PFF). Marked pathological changes were limited to the gills and skin of C. mrigala at the GFF in December 1994. Hyperplasia and hypertrophy, with presence of numerous inflammatory cells and an accumulation of blood cells, were observed at the base of secondary gill lamellae of C. mrigala at the GFF. Myxosporidian cysts, identified as Myxobolus spp. and full of mature spores, were attached to the secondary gill lamellae. A significantly increased number of cysts were recognizedin the gills of C. mrigala at the GFF compared to those of L. rohita at the PFF. The skin of C. mrigala at the GFF exhibited an increased number of pathological changes. Epidermis and dermis sloughed off, the dermal layer split into a few parts, and Myxosporidian cysts full of mature spores appeared in the skin of C. mrigala. At the PFF, the skin of L. rohita was less infected than C. mrigala. Apparently healthy fish fry was found to be free from cysts. No significant differences of water quality parameters were recorded at either fish farm. Carp at the PFF were less infected than those at the GFF, probably due to its better management practices.Patohistološka istraživanja škrga i kože mladih šarana invadiranih mikrosporidijima uzgajanih u dva ribnjaka na području Mymensingha u Bangladešu provedena su u razdoblju od rujna 1994. do prosinca 1994. Ukupno je bilo pretraženo 140 šarana (70 vrste Labeo rohita i 70 vrste Cirrhina mrigala) veličine od 4 do 12 cm. Uzorci su uzeti svakih 15 dana. Patološki su znakovi bili učestaliji u šarana podrijetlom iz državnih ribnjaka u odnosu na one iz privatnih ribnjaka. Najveće su promjene utvrđene u vrste C. mrigala. Hiperplazija i hipertrofija te veliki broj upalnih stanica utvrđen je na bazi sekundarne škržne lamele u iste vrste šarana. Ciste s potpuno zrelim sporama identificirane su kao Myxobolus sp. Iste su ciste češće pronađene na škrgama šarana podrijetlom iz državnih ribnjaka. U šarana podrijetlom iz državnih farmi učestalije su utvrđene promjene i na koži, i to u epidermisu i dermisu. Ciste nisu utvrđene u mlađi. Tijekom istraživanja nisu utvrđene nikakve razlike u kakvoći vode. Na osnovi nalaza može se smatrati da je manja invadiranost šarana podrijetlom iz privatnih ribnjaka uvjetovana boljom tehnologijom

Effects of Different Mordants on Silk Fabric Dyed with Onion Outer Skin Extracts

At present, a higher demand is put towards the use of natural dyes due to increased awareness of the environmental and health hazards associated with the synthesis and use of synthetic dyes. This research was conducted using onion outer skins as a potential source of natural plant dyes. In this study, extraction of dye was carried out in aqueous boiling method. Premordanting technique was followed using different mordants, namely alum, ferrous sulphate, tin, tannic acid, tartaric acid, and their combinations on silk fabric. Fabric samples dyed without using any mordant were then compared with the dyed samples pretreated with the mordants. The range of colors developed on dyed materials was evaluated by measuring the color values with respect to K/S values and color coordinates. It was concluded that the color values were found to be influenced by the addition of mordants, and thus different fashion hues were obtained from the same amount of dye extract using different mordants. Ferrous sulphate was found as the most influential mordant. ΔEcmc values between unmordanted (Reference dyed) and metallic mordanted fabric samples were found higher than those between unmordanted and nonmetallic mordanted fabric samples. The dyed samples were evaluated for color fastness to washing, light, drycleaning, rubbing, and perspiration. The color fastness properties were found to be satisfactory and improved in many cases. From the fastness results, it was obvious that these dyes can also be applied on silk fabric without using any mordant if required

Collaboration through Computation: Incorporating Trust Model into Service-based Software Systems

The open and dynamic nature of service-based software systems necessitates spontaneous and trustworthy interactions between collaborating entities. Service providers are exposed to users spanned across multiple organizational domains, so can be exploited by potentially untrustworthy service requestors. Given that, service providers need to trust requestors before granting them with services. Trust encompasses a number of quality attributes (e.g., security, competence, honesty) and helps in dynamic decision making. In this paper, we present a trust-based service collaboration approach, facilitated by the analysis of service-based interactions between service providers and requestors, and recommendations between service providers. Service providers exchange recommendations to convey their trust on requestors. This collaboration is quantified using our proposed trust model, called CAT, a Context-Aware Trust model based on service-based interactions by considering services as contexts. We identify a number of collaboration-based trust properties including risk and context-awareness and incorporate them in CAT. A context-similarity parameter is introduced to decide on similar services. A time-based ageing parameter is proposed to decrease trust values over time without any further interactions. Direct and indirect recommendations from other service providers are included in total trust calculation, with a path-based ageing parameter applying over indirect recommendations. A mechanism to calculate the accuracy of recommendations is proposed to differentiate between reliable and unreliable recommendations. These calculation schemes are employed in a trust-based service collaboration algorithm to automatically decide on granting services to requestors. The approach is elaborated using examples from file sharing applications, and successfully evaluated by implementing a prototype service-based file sharing grid

CAT: A Context-Aware Trust Model for Open and Dynamic Systems

The requirements for spontaneous interactions in open and dynamic systems create security issues and necessitate the incorporation of trust management into each software entity to make decisions. Trust encompasses various quality attributes (e.g., security, competence, honesty) and helps in making appropriate decisions. In this paper, we present CAT, an interaction-based Context-Aware Trust model for open and dynamic systems by considering services as contexts. We identify a number of trust properties including context and risk awareness and address those in the proposed model. A context-similarity parameter is proposed to make decisions in similar situations. A time-based ageing parameter is introduced to change trust values over time without any further interaction. We present direct and indirect recommendations and apply path-based ageing on indirect recommendations. A mechanism to calculate the accuracy of recommendations is described. This accuracy is used to differentiate between reliable and unreliable recommendations in the total trust calculation

Pattern of epilepsy patients visiting in a psychiatry outpatient department

Introduction: Little is known about the epilepsy patients attending in a psychiatry outpatient department (OPD) in the context of Bangladesh. Hence, the aim of our study was to see the frequency and pattern of patients of epilepsy attending in a psychiatry OPD in our context. Methods: One-year patient data were explored from January 2016 to December 2016 recorded in a register book of the psychiatry OPD by consultants themselves and data were extracted manually. The diagnosis was collected, and data were analyzed by Microsoft Xcel. Results: Among the total of 1474 patients visiting the OPD in the year 2016 at the psychiatry OPD, total epilepsy cases were found in 209 (14.2%) patients. Among them, generalized tonic–clonic seizure was found 144 (9.8%), absence seizure 38 (2.6%), partial seizure 5 (0.3%), temporal lobe epilepsy 4 (0.3%), myoclonus 1 (0.1%), and unclassified 17 (1.2%). Electroencephalography confirmation was done in 60 cases which was 4.1% of total patients. Hence, confirmed cases of epilepsy were 4.1%, and probable cases were 10.1% of total patients attending OPD. Conclusion: In conclusion, we can say that visiting of epilepsy patients in a psychiatry OPD is a common behavior and we need to develop expertise in this field more