Inequality and Education Choice

* Revised： [16-17, 2016

Human Capital, Public Debt, and Economic Growth : A Political Economy Analysis

This study considers the politics of public education policy in an overlapping-generations model with physical and human capital accumulation. In particular, this study examines how debt and tax financing differ in terms of growth and welfare across generations, as well as which fiscal stance voters support. The analysis shows that the growth rate in debt financing is lower than that in tax financing, and that debt financing creates a tradeoff between the present and future generations. The analysis also shows that debt financing attains slower economic growth than that realized by the choice of a social planner who cares about the welfare of all generations.* Revised： [16-01, 2016]* Revised： [16-01-Rev., 2016]* Revised： [16-01-Rev.2, 2017

Pensions, Education, and Growth : A Positive Analysis

* Revised： [14-37, 2014]* Revised： [14-37-Rev., 2015

Differences in Leaf Morphology between Native and Exotic Dandelion Species in the Southern part of Koshin District, Japan

Article環境科学年報36:29-34(2014)research repor

Differences in Leaf Morphology among Three Native Dandelion Species in the Central Part of Honshu, Japan

Article環境科学年報37:48-52(2015)research repor

Simple Non-destructive Field Method to Estimate Leaf Area of a Rosette-leaved Perennial, Ainsliaea apiculata

Article環境科学年報 38:25-29 (2016)research repor

Differences in Leaf Morphology between Native and Exotic Dandelion Species in the Chikuma River Basin, Japan

Article環境科学年報35:26-31(2013)research repor

Politics of Public Education and Pension Reform with Endogenous Fertility

Implications of increased life expectancy on parental fertility decisions and the subsequent alteration of political influence between the younger and older generations have noteworthy consequences for government policies pertaining to education and pension. This study introduces an overlapping generations growth model that incorporates these effects, revealing that higher life expectancy leads to reduced fertility rates, a decline in the education expenditure-GDP ratio, and an increase in the pension benefit-GDP ratio. Additionally, a long-term perspective is adopted to assess the feasibility of implementing pension cuts and highlighting their optimality in terms of social welfare when significant consideration is given to future generations. Moreover, the model simulations compare the effects of immediate and gradual pension cuts on fertility, fiscal policies, and economic growth. The simulation results demonstrate that pension cuts enhance economic growth, which would have been lower in the absence of such measures, with immediate cuts exhibiting particularly notable effectiveness

Capital Income Taxation, Economic Growth, and the Politics of Public Education

This study considers the politics of public education and its impacts on economic growth and welfare across generations. Public education is funded by taxing the labor income of the working generation and capital income of the retired. We employ probabilistic voting to demonstrate the politics of taxes and expenditure and show that aging results in a shift of the tax burden from the old to the young and a slowdown of economic growth. We then consider three alternative constraints that limit the choice of taxes and/or expenditure: a minimum level of public education expenditure, an upper limit of the capital income tax rate, and a combination of the two. These constraints all create a trade-off between current and future generations in terms of welfare