Improvement of zone control induction heating equipment for high-speed processing of semiconductor

In this paper, the effect of dividing into several small coil groups having different current and frequency on heating characteristics is investigated using FEM (finite element method). The heating characteristics of graphite of each coil is examined, and a useful information for controlling current and frequency, which realize the nearly uniform heating, is obtained.</p

Improvement of zone control induction heating equipment for high-speed processing of semiconductor devices

In order to process a semiconductor device of high quality, uniform heating is necessary, but it is not easy to heat uniformly with conventional induction heating equipment. To solve this problem, zone control induction heating equipment has been jointly developed. In this paper, we examine the effect of dividing an induction heater into several small coil groups having different current and frequency, using the finite-element method. We describe the heating characteristics of the zone control coil groups and show that nearly uniform heating is possible by controlling both current and frequency.</p

Discovery of Orbital Ordering in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x

The primordial ingredient of cuprate superconductivity is the CuO$_2$ unit cell. Here, theoretical attention usually concentrates on the intra-atom Coulombic interactions dominating the $3d^9$ and $3d^{10}$ configurations of each copper ion. However, if Coulombic interactions also occur between electrons of the $2p^6$ orbitals of each planar oxygen atom, spontaneous orbital ordering may lift their energy degeneracy. This long predicted intra-unit cell symmetry breaking should then generate an orbital ordered phase, for which the charge-transfer energy $\varepsilon$ separating the $2p^6$ and 3d$^{10}$ orbitals is distinct for the two oxygen atoms. Here we introduce sublattice resolved $\varepsilon(r)$ imaging techniques to CuO$_2$ studies and discover powerful intra-unit-cell rotational symmetry breaking of $\varepsilon(r)$, with energy-level splitting between the two oxygen atoms on the 50 meV scale. Spatially, this state is arranged in Ising domains of orthogonally oriented orbital order that appear bounded by dopant ions, and within whose domain walls low energy electronic quadrupolar two-level systems occur. Overall, these data reveal a $Q=0$ orbitally ordered state that lifts the energy degeneracy of $p_x/p_y$ oxygen orbitals at separate CuO$_2$ oxygen sites, in striking analogy to the ordering of $d_{zx}/d_{zy}$ iron orbitals of the iron-based superconductors

Discovery of Orbital Ordering in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x

The primordial ingredient of cuprate superconductivity is the CuO2 unit cell. Here, theoretical attention usually concentrates on the intra-atom Coulombic interactions dominating the 3d^9 and 3d^10 configurations of each copper ion. However, if Coulombic interactions also occur between electrons of the 2p^6 orbitals of each planar oxygen atom, spontaneous orbital ordering may split their energy levels. This long predicted intra-unit cell symmetry breaking should then generate an orbital ordered phase, for which the charge-transfer energy E separating the 2p^6 and 3d^10orbitals is distinct for the two oxygen atoms. Here we introduce sublattice resolved E(r) imaging techniques to CuO2 studies and discover intra-unit-cell rotational symmetry breaking of E(r), with energy-level splitting between the two oxygen atoms on the 50 meV scale. Spatially, this state is arranged in disordered Ising domains of orthogonally oriented orbital order that appear bounded by dopant ions, and within whose domain walls low energy electronic quadrupolar two-level systems occur. Overall, these data reveal a Q=0 orbitally ordered state that splits the energy levels of the oxygen orbitals by ~50 meV, in underdoped CuO2

Surface plasmon resonance-biosensor detects the diversity of responses against epidermal growth factor in various carcinoma cell lines

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor detects intracellular signaling events as a change of the angle of resonance (AR). We previously reported that the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on keratinocytes causes a unique triphasic change of AR, whereas the activation of other receptors, such as IgE receptor and adenosine A3 receptor on mast cells, causes a transient monophasic increase of AR. To study the mechanism of AR changes induced by EGFR activation, we introduced wild and mutated EGFR cDNAs into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and analyzed changes of AR in response to EGF. CHO cells expressing wild-type EGFR showed a triphasic change of AR, whereas cells expressing kinase-dead EGFR (K721 M) showed minimum change of AR. A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, wortmannin, attenuated the third phase of AR change in CHO cells expressing wild-type EGFR. The pattern of AR change was independent on the concentration of EGF. We also analyzed changes of AR with a nontumorigenic keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT, and several cell lines of carcinoma to explore the feasibility of SPR biosensor as a tool for clinical diagnosis. The activation of HaCaT cells and one out of six carcinoma cell lines showed a full triphasic change of AR. In contrast, five out of the six cell lines showed mono- or bi-phasic change of AR. These results suggest that EGF induces the SPR signals via the phosphorylation of EGFR, and provide a possibility that the SPR biosensor could be applied to the real-time detection and diagnosis of malignant tumors