Soft-x-ray laser interferometry of a pinch discharge using a tabletop laser

Includes bibliographical references (page 917).We have used a tabletop soft-x-ray laser and a wave-front division interferometer to probe the plasma of a pinch discharge. A very compact capillary discharge-pumped Ne-like Ar laser emitting at 46.9 nm was combined with a wave division interferometer based on Lloyd's mirror and Sc-Si multilayer-coated optics to map the electron density in the cathode region of the discharge. This demonstration of the use of tabletop soft-x-ray laser in plasma interferometry could lead to the widespread use of these lasers in the diagnostics of dense plasmas

The influence of different pathogens on the lysozyme activity into tissues of rat oral cavity

Aim: To determine action of the different pathogens on the lysozyme activity into tissues of oral cavity and serum.Methods: The lysozyme activities was determined into oral mucosa cheek, tongue gum and serum of 158 white rats (11 series experiments). The pathogens were used: atropine, protamine sulfat, indometacyn, bee poison, hydrasine sulfat, cytostatic cyclofosfan, lincomycin, lipopolysaccharide, composition of antibiotic and omeprasol for ACBTResults: The  whole of pathogens decreased lysozyme activity (mean in 1,6-2,5 times) into oral tissues and on 16 % into serum. The specific lowering of lysozyme activities (Δ%/mg pathogen) was low most for lipopolysaccharide, especially after oral application usage (exceeding was in tens times).Conclusion: The lysozyme activity lowering may play significant role in pathogenesis of stomatologic diseases/ Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) send lysozyme activity lowering most especially after oral application. Probably, the antilysozyme action of pathogens realize by LPS. The stomatogenic factor in pathogenesis and profilactic of noninfection diseases is important

Anthropometric criteria, somatotype and functional performance of basketball players at diff erent stages of sports training

Objective: to identify the correlation between physical development, somatic physique type, biological maturation and playing positions in basketball. Materials and methods: 112 male basketball players were divided into two groups: group 1 included 75 9-10 year-old young basketball players at the initial training; group 2 included 37 23-31 year-old professional basketball players. We evaluated the age, body mass, body mass index (BMI), body fat, body height, arm span, relaxed and flexed arm girth, calf girth, and skinfold thickness (triceps, biceps, iliac, abdominal). Results: the young basketball players demonstrated signifi cantly lower values of body height, arm span, body mass, body fat, relaxed and flexed arm girth, and calf girth. Both young and professional basketball players had macrosomatic physique type. Group 2 adult professional guards and forwards had signifi cant diff erences in body height. Adult centers had the largest arm span; on the other hand, the arm span of the adult guards was the smallest. The centers and forwards had principally macrosomatic physique type while the adult guards had mesosomatic physique type. Conclusions: the adult professional basketball players varied in their antropometric parameters according to playing positions but there was no difference between young basketball players; the body mass, body height, and arm span were the most important parameters. Centers should be of macrosomatic physique type, and had arm span more than forwards and guards. Therefore, the data of physical growth level, somatic physique type, and biological maturation rate should be considered in basketball player selection

Applications of high repetition rate tabletop soft X-ray lasers become a reality in several fields

Includes bibliographical references (page 468).For many years researchers have envisioned the development of compact high repetition rate tabletop soft x-ray laser, that could be routinely used in application in numerous disciplines. With demonstrated average powers of several mW and millijoule-level pulse energy at 46.9nm, the Ne-like Ar capillary discharge-pumped laser is the first compact laser to reach this goal. In this paper we summarize the development status of high repetition rate tabletop soft x-ray lasers based on capillary discharge excitation, and give examples of their successful use in several applications. Results of the use of a caprllary discharge pumped 46.9nm laser m dense plasma interferometry, soft x-ray reflectometry for the determination of optical constants, characterization of diffraction gratings, laser ablation of materials, and plasma generation are described. The observation of lasing at 52.9nm line in Ne-like Cl with output pulse energy up to 10 μJ is also reported

Continuous selections of multivalued mappings

This survey covers in our opinion the most important results in the theory of continuous selections of multivalued mappings (approximately) from 2002 through 2012. It extends and continues our previous such survey which appeared in Recent Progress in General Topology, II, which was published in 2002. In comparison, our present survey considers more restricted and specific areas of mathematics. Note that we do not consider the theory of selectors (i.e. continuous choices of elements from subsets of topological spaces) since this topics is covered by another survey in this volume

Transport, optical and electronic properties of the half metal CrO2

The electronic structure of CrO_2 is critically discussed in terms of the relation of existing experimental data and well converged LSDA and GGA calculations of the electronic structure and transport properties of this half metal magnet, with a particular emphasis on optical properties. We find only moderate manifestations of many body effects. Renormalization of the density of states is not large and is in the typical for transition metals range. We find substantial deviations from Drude behavior in the far-infrared optical conductivity. These appear because of the unusually low energy of interband optical transitions. The calculated mass renormalization is found to be rather sensitive to the exchange-correlation functional used and varies from 10% (LSDA) to 90% (GGA), using the latest specific heat data. We also find that dressing of the electrons by spin fluctuations, because of their high energy, renormalizes the interband optical transition at as high as 4 eV by about 20%. Although we find no clear indications of strong correlations of the Hubbard type, strong electron-magnon scattering related to the half metallic band structure is present and this leads to a nontrivial temperature dependence of the resistivity and some renormalization of the electron spectra.Comment: 9 Revtex 2 column pages, including 8 postscript figures. Two more figures are included in the submission that are not embedded in the paper, representing DOS and bandstructure of the paramagnetic CrO

Entropy and Quantum Kolmogorov Complexity: A Quantum Brudno's Theorem

In classical information theory, entropy rate and Kolmogorov complexity per symbol are related by a theorem of Brudno. In this paper, we prove a quantum version of this theorem, connecting the von Neumann entropy rate and two notions of quantum Kolmogorov complexity, both based on the shortest qubit descriptions of qubit strings that, run by a universal quantum Turing machine, reproduce them as outputs.Comment: 26 pages, no figures. Reference to publication added: published in the Communications in Mathematical Physics (http://www.springerlink.com/content/1432-0916/

Пародонтопротекторна дія квертуліна у щурів, які отримували преднізолон

Преднизолон вызывает у крыс развитие иммунодефицита и снижение уровня защитных систем, что приводит к развитию дисбиоза и, как следствие, воспаления в пародонте (в десне и в костной ткани). В костной ткани пародонта преднизолон снижает минерализующую активность. Оральные аппликации геля «Квертулин» снижают степень иммунодефицита, повышают уровень защитных систем, снижают степень дисбиоза и воспаления, повышают в кости минерализующую активность и степень ее минерализованности, что в конечном итоге снижает атрофию пародонта.The objective: To determine parodontoprotective action of quertulin in rats, which received prednisolone. Materials and methods: Prednisolone was introduced per os into rats in dose 10 mg/kg (first 2 days) and 5 mg/kg (next 12 days). The gel of quertulin was applicated in rat gum in dose 0,3 ml every day during 14 days. After killing rats, the activity of elastase, urease, lysozyme, catalase and the contents of malonic dialdehide (MDA) and hyaluronic acid were determined into gum. The activity of phosphatase, elastase, protease, the contents calcium, and protein were determined into the parodontale bone. The degree of caries and the degree of parodonte atrophy were determined. Results: the raising of the activities of elastase, urease and the content of MDA but the lowering of lysozyme and catalase activities has been established. The activity of acid phosphatase and elastase raised into parodontale bone after prednisolone but mineralisation index and content of hyaluronic acid lowered into rats which received prednisolone. The oral application of gel “Quertulin” lowered the activities of elastase and urease and the content of MDA, but raised the activity lysozyme, catalase and the content of hyaluronic acid. The content of calcium, mineralisation index and the degree of mineralisation raised after application of gel “Quertulin”. Conclusion: Prednisolone cause immunodeficite, dysbiosis, periodontitis. The oral application of gel “Quertulin” realize antidysbiotic and parodontoprotective effects.Преднізолон викликає у щурів розвиток імунодефіцита та зниження рівня захисних систем, що приводить до розвитку дисбіоза і, як наслідок, запалення в пародонті (в яснах і в кістковій тканині). В кістковій тканині пародонта преднізолон знижує мінералізуючу активність. Оральні аплікації гелю «Квертулін» знижують ступінь імунодефіциту, підвищують рівень захисних систем, знижують ступінь дисбіоза і запалення, підвищують в кістці мінералізуючу активність і ступінь її мінералізації, що з рештою знижує атрофію пародонта