Corporate Social Responsibility, Sustainability Governance and Sustainable Performance: A Preliminary Insight

This conceptual paper aims to investigate corporate social responsibility (CSR) practises in the tourism sector. Drawing on the existing literature, this study conceptualises the linkage between CSR, sustainability governance, and sustainable performance. Moreover, this study conceptualises three sub-dimensions of CSR. The integration of CSR in the tourism sector is significant and novel. An analytical review is conducted to present conceptual linkage and research implications. The finding implies that CSR positively influences the sustainable performance of organisations and sustainable governance plays a mediating role between relationships. This study provides important implications that help tourism industry practitioners to realise the significance of reducing environmental and social problems, which cause by tourism activities. Further, this study obtains support from institutional theory to explain the relationships of governance mechanism and CSR that leads to economic performance as well as create value for nature and the local community. Additionally, the future direction of research is provided that highlights some important avenues in the sustainability fiel

IMPACT OF SERVICE QUALITY ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION: EVIDENCES FROM THE RESTAURANT INDUSTRY IN PAKISTAN

The purpose of this study is to contribute to the literature of service quality importance in restaurant industry. The study has been based upon the Servqual technique and Dineserv tool of improving the quality by the service providing organizations. The study is undertaken from the perspective of Pakistani Restaurant Industry and the customers' perceptions vis-à-vis restaurant dining. Two variables of Servqual, i.e. Tangibles and Responsiveness, have been examined to demonstrate the significance of service quality on customer satisfaction. The results endorse the importance of enhanced complementary service standards in restaurant industry. Finally, the findings provide an insight for the Pakistani restaurant service providing establishments and suggestion have been made for the caretakers of the industry on ways to improve service quality.marketing; restaurants; servqual; customer satisfaction

Study of spin dynamics in chiral and two-dimensional magnets

This thesis explores the spin dynamics in three magnetic systems comprising of a chiral magnet and the bulk van der Waals (vdWs) layered magnets by mainly utilising the novel experimental technique of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectroscopy. The non-centrosymmetric chiral ferrimagnet, Cu2OSeO3, has recently seen a great deal of interest from the spintronics community, as it has been shown to host various different magnetic spin textures and it was the first insulating system to show the presence of the skyrmion lattice. Over the last couple of years, the research field of layered vdWs materials has grown rapidly since the discovery of intrinsic magnetic order in the two-dimensional (2D) limit, i.e. down to the atomically thin monolayer limit, prohibited otherwise due to thermal fluctuations at low dimensionality. In the first part of this thesis, the interaction of microwave cavity photons with magnons (a quanta of spin excitations in magnetically ordered systems) in different magnetic phases of Cu2OSeO3 is probed. A strong-coupling regime is realised in the field-polarised phase, creating a hybridised state of cavity-magnon-polariton. In the conical and helical phases, dispersive coupling and Purcell-effect regime is seen, respectively. In the skyrmion phase, an onset of anti-crossing feature is observed between photons and the counter-clockwise gyration mode, whereas high-order excitation mode are believed to be seen for the breathing resonance mode. The spin dynamics of layered Cr2Ge2Te6 bulk single crystal is investigated in the second study. The magnetisation dynamics experiment confirmed the presence of out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy, where the scaling of the uniaxial anisotropy constant and saturation magnetisation showed a deviation from the Callen-Callen power law. The obtained spectroscopic g factor exhibits anisotropic behaviour and a value higher than 2, suggesting the presence of orbital moment. The temperature dependence of the orbital moment is obtained via the X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) experiment, which qualitatively compliments the results observed in the magnetic resonance experiments. Finally, the domain-mode resonance features are observed confirming the presence of multidomain structures in the system. In the final study, sodium (Na) ions are intercalated in the vdWs gaps of Cr2Ge2Te6 creating the Na(0.3)-Cr2Ge2Te6 samples. The intercalated samples show an enhancement in the ferromagnetic Curie temperature, where the FMR signal remains up to the temperature of 240 K. A change in the magnetic anisotropy is found compared to the unintercalated sample, and magnetic easy axis seems to lie along the in-plane orientation, whereas it is in the out-of-plane direction for Cr2Ge2Te6

Skill Shortage versus Subject Choice, Case of Pakistan

Higher Education is believed to be a very important determinant of economic growth. The growth can be optimized with a suitable combination of skills in various subjects. A mismatch between required combination of skills and available combination of skills carries heavy costs for developing economies since import of skill from foreign is much more in expensive for such economies. We compare skill shortage in Pakistan with the subjects choice of students recently enrolled in institutes of higher learning. We found that there is a mismatch between skill shortage and the enrollment trend. We propose that the Government should regulate recruitment of students into various subjects in order to create greater harmony between national needs and students enrollment.Subject Choice, Skill Shortage, National Needs