An Analysis Using Eye-Mark Recorder of the Effectiveness of Presentation Methods for E-learning

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Automated eye disease classification method from anterior eye image using anatomical structure focused image classification technique

This paper presents an automated classification method of infective and non-infective diseases from anterior eye images. Treatments for cases of infective and non-infective diseases are different. Distinguishing them from anterior eye images is important to decide a treatment plan. Ophthalmologists distinguish them empirically. Quantitative classification of them based on computer assistance is necessary. We propose an automated classification method of anterior eye images into cases of infective or non-infective disease. Anterior eye images have large variations of the eye position and brightness of illumination. This makes the classification difficult. If we focus on the cornea, positions of opacified areas in the corneas are different between cases of the infective and non-infective diseases. Therefore, we solve the anterior eye image classification task by using an object detection approach targeting the cornea. This approach can be said as "anatomical structure focused image classification". We use the YOLOv3 object detection method to detect corneas of infective disease and corneas of non-infective disease. The detection result is used to define a classification result of a image. In our experiments using anterior eye images, 88.3% of images were correctly classified by the proposed method.Comment: Accepted paper as a poster presentation at SPIE Medical Imaging 2020, Houston, TX, US

Precocious activation of APC/C-Cdh1 at pre-anaphase causes genome instability

Faithful chromosome segregation and thereby accurate gene transmission are crucial for all organisms. Until proper attachment of the mitotic spindle to the kinetochore is established, the ubiquitin ligase (E3) Cdc20-activated APC/C (anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome) is repressed by the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) and sister chromatin cohesion is protected. Mutants defective in SAC fail to arrest at metaphase even in the presence of damaged microtubules. Interestingly, a similar phenomenon occurs in yeast cells defective in Bub2, a negative factor of the mitotic exit network (MEN), which is required for telophase onset, although its precise molecular mechanism is unknown. Here, we show that chromosome missegregation occurs frequently in bub2∆ cells in the presence of damaged microtubules. The loss of Bub2 caused precocious activation of APC/C-Cdh1/Hct1 at pre-anaphase, leading to securin degradation and then separase-mediated cohesin cleavage. Overexpression of CDH1 and CDC14, encoding Cdc14 phosphatase, at pre-anaphase similarly caused chromosome missegregation. Thus, sequential activation of APC/C-Cdc20 and then APC/C-Cdh1 is critical for precise chromosome segregation and precocious activation of APC/C-Cdh1 at pre-anaphase causes genomic instability. Since degradation of human securin is also mediated by APC/C-Cdc20 and APC/C-Cdh1, this study predicts that precocious activation APC/C-Cdh1 in human cells similarly causes genomic instability, and thereby cell death or tumorigenesis

Copper-catalyzed site-selective direct arylation of triptycene

A site-selective direct CH arylation protocol for the triptycene skeleton is developed using copper catalyst and diaryliodonium reagents. With the aid of directing groups, C₃-symmetric trisubstituted triptycenes are selectively synthesized, and the structure was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. Further derivatization of the installed bromo functionalities is also described

Electrophilic substitution of asymmetrically distorted benzenes within triptycene derivatives

Herein we disclose a unique directing effect of 9-substituted triptycenes in electrophilic substitution to achieve the regioselective functionalization of the triptycene core. The Hirshfeld population analysis was adopted to predict the selectivity in electrophilic substitution. TMS and t-Bu groups were found to considerably accelerate the reaction at C2 positions to produce C3-symmetric isomers. Correlation between distortion and charge distribution within benzene rings was systematically examined.Ueno K., Nishii Y., Miura M.. Electrophilic substitution of asymmetrically distorted benzenes within triptycene derivatives. Organic Letters. 23(9), 3552-3556, (2021), 7 May 2021; ©2021 American Chemical Society. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00970

Fish assemblages associated with three types of artificial reefs: density of assemblages and possible impacts on adjacent fish abundance

We evaluated the effectiveness of wooden artificial reefs (ARs) as fish habitat. Three types of ARs, made of cedar logs, broadleaf tree logs, and PVC pipes, respectively, were deployed in triplicate at 8-m depth off Maizuru, Kyoto Prefecture, Sea of Japan, in May 2004. Fish assemblages associated with each of the nine ARs were observed by using SCUBA twice a month for four years. Fish assemblages in the adjacent habitat were also monitored for two years before and four years after reef deployment. In the surveyed areas (ca. 10 m2) associated with each of the cedar, broadleaf, and PVC ARs, the average number of fish species was 4.14, 3.49, and 3.00, and the average number of individuals was 40.7, 27.9, and 20.3, respectively. The estimated biomass was also more greater when associated with the cedar ARs than with other ARs. Visual censuses of the habitat adjacent to the ARs revealed that the number of fish species and the density of individuals were not affected by the deployment of the ARs. Our results support the superiority of cedar as an AR material and indicate that deployment of wooden ARs causes no reduction of fish abundance in adjacent natural reefs

Abnormal Tei index predicts poor left ventricular mass regression and survival after AVR in aortic stenosis patients

SummaryBackgroundA Tei index is known to reflect overall cardiac performance including systolic and diastolic function in a variety of heart disease. We investigated the relationship between preoperative Tei index and postoperative left ventricular (LV) mass regression and survival after aortic valve replacement (AVR) for aortic valve stenosis (AS).MethodsOne hundred fifty-four patients with AS were classified into a group with abnormal (Abn) LV function (n=47, 0.45≤Tei index) and a group with normal (Nor) LV function (n=107, Tei index<0.45). The pre- and postoperative echocardiographic variables including LV dimension, LV wall thickness, and LV mass regression as well as 6-year survival were compared between the two groups.ResultsThere was a significant difference in both absolute and relative LV mass index (LVMI) regression (P=0.004 and 0.0007). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the preoperative LVMI, Tei index, and follow-up period were independent predictors of LVMI regression after AVR. Thirteen patients died (valve-related death in 5). Although the overall survival rate in the Nor-LV group (92.8%) was significantly better than that in the Abn-LV group (71.6%), there was no significant difference in survival free from valve-related death.ConclusionsPreoperative Tei index can be one of the significant predictors of LVMI regression and overall survival after AVR