Abundances of the elements in the solar system

A review of the abundances and condensation temperatures of the elements and their nuclides in the solar nebula and in chondritic meteorites. Abundances of the elements in some neighboring stars are also discussed.Comment: 42 pages, 11 tables, 8 figures, chapter, In Landolt- B\"ornstein, New Series, Vol. VI/4B, Chap. 4.4, J.E. Tr\"umper (ed.), Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer-Verlag, p. 560-63

Oxygen abundance in local disk and bulge: chemical evolution with a strictly universal IMF

The empirical differential oxygen abundance distribution (EDOD) is deduced from subsamples related to two different samples involving solar neighbourhood (SN) thick disk, thin disk, halo, and bulge stars. The EDOD of the SN thick + thin disk is determined by weighting the mass, for assumed SN thick to thin disk mass ratio within the range, 0.1-0.9. Inhomogeneous models of chemical evolution for the SN thick disk, the SN thin disk, the SN thick + thin disk, the SN halo, and the bulge, are computed assuming the instantaneous recycling approximation. The EDOD data are fitted, to an acceptable extent, by their TDOD counterparts provided (i) still undetected, low-oxygen abundance thin disk stars exist, and (ii) a single oxygen overabundant star is removed from a thin disk subsample. In any case, the (assumed power-law) stellar initial mass function (IMF) is universal but gas can be inhibited from, or enhanced in, forming stars at different rates with respect to a selected reference case. Models involving a strictly universal IMF (i.e. gas neither inhibited from, nor enhanced in, forming stars with respect to a selected reference case) can also reproduce the data. The existence of a strictly universal IMF makes similar chemical enrichment within active (i.e. undergoing star formation) regions placed in different environments, but increasing probability of a region being active passing from SN halo to SN thick + thin disk, SN thin disk, SN thick disk, and bulge. On the basis of the results, it is realized that the chemical evolution of the SN thick + thin disk as a whole cannot be excluded.Comment: 26 pages, 10 tables, and 5 figures; tables out of page are splitted in two parts in Appendix B; sects.4 and 5 rewritten for better understanding of the results; further references added. Accepted for publication in Astrophysics & Space Scienc