Carbon Coated Gas Electron Multipliers

Gas electron multipliers (GEMs) have been overcoated with a high resistivity 10 14 −10 15 Ω/ □ amorphous carbon layer. The coating avoids charging up of the holes and provides a constant gain immediately after switching on independent of the rate. The gain uniformity across the GEM is improved. Coating opens the possibility to produce thick GEMs of very high gain.

Momentum Spectrum of Cosmic Muons at a Depth of 320 Mwe

Since their discovery, great progress has been achieved in the field of cosmic ray physics particularly towards the understanding of the origin, transport and acceleration mechanisms of the high energy particles that constitute primary cosmic rays, their interaction processes in the galactic and extra galactic media, and also in the Earth's atmosphere. The interaction of primary cosmic ray particles in the Earth's atmosphere leads to the production of a cascade of secondary particles or Extensive Air Showers (EAS) with various components - electromagnetic, hadronic, muon and neutrino components. There is a large number of models to describe these interactions. Many cosmic ray experiments have used a variety of observables in EAS that provide an understanding of the hadronic interactions and also shed some light on the chemical composition of the primary particles. The muon flux at the surface provides a useful tool for the calculations of neutrino fluxes, the reconstruction of EAS and it can serve as a test of various interaction models. The CosmoALEPH detector, whichwas one of the experiments in CosmoLEP used the ALEPH detector at the European Laboratory for Particle Physics, CERN, to measure the muonic component of EAS. Preliminary results have recently shown that the momentum spectrum and charge ratio for cosmic muons measured by CosmoALEPH are well within the world average. This work reports on further improvements in the reconstruction of the cosmic muon events and data analysis. Cosmic muons are produced through interactions of primary cosmic radiation in the atmosphere. They are a component of extensive air showers which can also be measured underground. The CosmoALEPH experiment used the ALEPH detector at the European Laboratory for Particle Physics, CERN, to measure cosmic muon events at a depth of 320 mwe underground. The momentum spectrum and charge ratio of the cosmic muons are measured. The results are compared with the expectations from MC simulations based on different hadronic interaction models

EUREKA-Projekt ECMA PCTE Schlussbericht

SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: F95B1770 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Forschung und Technologie (BMFT), Bonn (Germany); European Union (Euro), Brussels (Belgium)DEGerman

Light-cone Sum Rules in Soft-Collinear Effective Theory

We derive light-cone sum rules (LCSRs) for exclusive B-meson decays into light energetic hadrons from correlation functions within soft-collinear effective theory (SCET). In these sum rules the short-distance scale refers to ''hard-collinear'' interactions with virtualities of order {Lambda}{sub QCD}m{sub b}. Hard scales (related to virtualities of order m{sub b}{sup 2}) are integrated out and enter via external coefficient functions in the sum rule. Soft dynamics is encoded in light-cone distribution amplitudes for the B-meson, which describe both the factorizable and non-factorizable contributions to exclusive B-meson decay amplitudes. As an example, we provide a detailed study of the SCET sum rule for the B {yields} {pi} transition form factor at large recoil, including radiative corrections from hard-collinear loop diagrams at first order in the strong coupling constant. We find remarkable conceptual and numerical differences with the heavy-quark limit of the conventional LCSR approach in QCD

The B -> pi Form Factor from Light-cone Sum Rules in Soft-collinear Effective Theory

Recently, we have derived light-cone sum rules for exclusive B-meson decays into light energetic hadrons from correlation functions within soft-collinear effective theory [1]. In these sum rules the short-distance scale refers to ''hard-collinear'' interactions with virtualities of order {Lambda}{sub QCD}m{sub b}. Hard scales (related to virtualities of order m{sub b}{sup 2}) are integrated out and enter via external coefficient functions in the sum rule. Soft dynamics is encoded in light-cone distribution amplitudes for the B-meson, which describe both the factorizable and non-factorizable contributions to exclusive B-meson decay amplitudes. Factorization of the correlation function has been verified to one-loop accuracy. Thus, a systematic separation of hard, hard-collinear, and soft dynamics in the heavy-quark limit is possible

Light-cone Sum Rules: A SCET-based Formulation

We describe the construction of light-cone sum rules (LCSRs) for exclusive B-meson decays into light energetic hadrons from correlation functions within soft-collinear effective theory (SCET). As an example, we consider the SCET sum rule for the B {yields} {pi} transition form factor at large recoil, including radiative corrections from hard-collinear loop diagrams at first order in the strong coupling constant