6 research outputs found
Acetilkolinesteraza u eritrocitima i butirilkolinesteraza u plazmi - VaĆŸni pokazatelji za lijeÄenje osoba otrovanih organofosfornim spojevima
Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is regarded as the primary toxic mechanism of organophosphorus compounds (OP). Therapeutic strategies are directed to antagonise overstimulation of muscarinic receptors with atropine and to reactivate inhibited AChE with oximes. Reactivation is crucial within the neuromuscular synapse, where atropine is ineffective, since peripheral neuromuscular block eventually leads to respiratory failure. Patients with OP intoxication have to be identified as early as possible. During an international NBC-defence exercise anesthetised pigs were poisoned with sarin, followed by treatment with atropine and oxime. Blood samples were drawn and red blood cell (RBC)-AChE activity determined with a fielded test system on-site. Within a few minutes the poisoning was verified. After administration of HI-6, RBC-AChE activity increased rapidly. Blood samples were reanalysed in our laboratory in Munich. Almost identical course of the AChE activities was recorded by both systems. The more comprehensive cholinesterase status was determined in Munich. Oxime administration can be stopped when AChE is aged completely, but has to be continued as long as poison is present in the body and reactivation is possible. To aid the on-site physician in optimising diagnosis and treatment, a fielded test system should be available to allow rapid determination of the complete cholinesterase status.Inhibicija acetilkolinesteraze (AChE) smatra se primarnim mehanizmom toksiÄnoga djelovanja organofosfornih spojeva (OP). Strategije lijeÄenja idu za zaustavljanjem prekomjerne stimulacije muskarinskih receptora atropinom i reaktiviranjem inhibiranog AChE oksimima. KljuÄna je reaktivacija u neuromuskularnoj sinapsi, u kojoj atropin nije djelotvoran, buduÄi da neuromuskularna blokada u konaÄnici vodi do prestanka disanja. VaĆŸno je ĆĄto ranije prepoznati otrovanje organofosfornim spojem. U jednoj meÄunarodnoj vjeĆŸbi zaĆĄtite od nuklearnog, bioloĆĄkog i kemijskog napada svinje pod anestezijom otrovane su sarinom te lijeÄene atropinom i oksimom. Uzeti su im uzorci krvi te s pomoÄu terenskoga testa na licu mjesta odreÄena aktivnost AChE u eritrocitima. Otrovanje je potvrÄeno za nekoliko minuta. Nakon primjene HI-6, aktivnost AChE brzo je porasla. Isti su uzorci krvi ponovno analizirani u naĆĄem laboratoriju u MĂŒnchenu. Oba su testa zabiljeĆŸila gotovo istovjetan tijek aktivnosti AChE. U MĂŒnchenu je meÄutim napravljen potpuniji nalaz kolinesteraza. LijeÄenje oksimima moĆŸe se prekinuti kada AChE potpuno âostariâ (tj. dealkilira), ali ga valja nastaviti dokle god je otrov u tijelu, a reaktivacija moguÄa. LijeÄnici na terenu trebali bi raspolagati terenskim testovima radi brzoga i potpunog utvrÄivanja statusa kolinesteraza, a time i kvalitetnije dijagnoze
PND20 COST-UTILITY ANALYSIS EVALUATING THE LIDOCAINE 5% MEDICATED PLASTER RELATIVE TO GABAPENTIN AND PREGABALIN FOR POST-HERPETIC NEURALGIA IN GERMANY
PND13 COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF THE LIDOCAINE 5% MEDICATED PLASTER RELATIVE TO GABAPENTIN AND PREGABALIN FOR POST-HERPETIC NEURALGIA IN GERMANY
HLö 7 dimethanesulfonate, a potent bispyridinium-dioxime against anticholinesterases
HLö 7 dimethanesulfonate (1-ĂĂĂ4-(aminocarbonyl)pyridinioĂ methoxyĂmethylĂ-2,4-bisĂ(hydroxyimino) methylĂpyridinium dimethansulfonate) is a broad-spectrum reactivator against highly toxic organophosphorus compounds. The compound was synthesized by a new route with the carcinogenic bis(chloromethyl)ether being substituted by the non-mutagenic bis(methylsulfonoxymethyl)ether. The very soluble dimethanesulfonate of obidoxime was also prepared by this way. HLö 7 dimethanesulfonate is the first water-soluble salt of HLö 7 that should be suitable for the wet/dry autoinjector technology, because aqueous solutions of HLö 7 are not very stable (calculated shelf-life 0.2 years when stored at 8 degree C, 1 M solution, pH 2.5)
Twitching Laborious Play or : How Game-Streaming Changes Modes of Playing
The twitch gaming event is a multifaceted and multilayered participatory act, linking economic interests of platform owners, game industry and gamers with modes of playing games â a development that engenders gaming â especially twitch gaming â as a new form of âworkâ. In this paper, we will make an effort to develop a frame by which the interconnections between actors like media specific aspects of live-streaming, the aesthetic of performing â such as âself-portrayalâ and maintaining a âscreen personaâ by the streamers â,mediatechnical equipment as well as social interactions with the audience and, last but not least, economic interests become entangled to produce what we call a âlive-streamed gaming event (Giddings 2008)â or, to put it simple, twitch.publishe