Stretching Folding Instability and Nanoemulsions

Here we show a folding-stretching instability in a microfluidic flow focusing device using silicon oil (100cSt) and water. The fluid dynamics video demonstrates an oscillating thread of oil focused by two co-flowing streams of water. We show several high-speed sequences of these oscillations with 30,000 frames/s. Once the thread is decelerated in a slower moving pool downstream an instability sets in and water-in-oil droplets are formed. We reveal the details of the pinch-off with 500,000 frames/s. The pinch-off is so repeatable that complex droplet patterns emerge. Some of droplets are below the resolution limit, thus smaller than 1 micrometer in diameter

Geometry of weak lensing of CMB polarization

Hu [Phys. Rev. D62 (2000) 043007] has presented a harmonic-space method for calculating the effects of weak gravitational lensing on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) over the full sky. Computing the lensed power spectra to first order in the deflection power requires one to formulate the lensing displacement beyond the tangent-space approximation. We point out that for CMB polarization this displacement must undergo geometric corrections on the spherical sky to maintain statistical isotropy of the lensed fields. Although not discussed by Hu, these geometric effects are implicit in his analysis. However, there they are hidden by an overly-compact notation that is both unconventional and rather confusing. Here we aim to ameliorate this deficiency by providing a rigorous derivation of the lensed spherical power spectra.Comment: 3 page

Endovascular Treatment of Male Congenital Pelvic Arteriovenous Malformation in Macao: A Case Report

Pelvic arteriovenous malformation is a rare vascular malformation. If it is not treated in time, it can cause serious complications. This paper reports a 73-year-old man who complained of discomfort in the lower abdomen with dysuria for 1 years. An arteriovenous malformation was found in the right internal iliac artery by pelvic CT examination. The patient was subsequently admitted to the hospital, and the whole arteriovenous malformation was embolized with a metal coil in the right internal iliac artery. There were no major complications after the operation, discharge from hospital with good recovery. Literature review shows that pelvic arteriovenous malformation is rare, but the form is varied. Interventional therapy is an effective and minimally invasive method for the treatment of pelvic arteriovenous malformation

Recovery process of degraded ferroelectric properties in the forming-gas-annealed Pt/Bi4-xLaxTi3O12/Pt capacitor

The recovery of ferroelectric properties in the forming-gas-annealed Pt/Bi4-xLaxTi3O12/Pt (Pt/BLT/Pt) capacitor was studied by examining changes in ferroelectric responses, phase evolution, and spatial distributions of relevant species during the recovery annealing. The degraded ferroelectric properties were practically restored to their original values after the recovery annealing at 600 degreesC for 10 min in an O-2 atmosphere. The following recovery process has been delineated from the present study: (i) the removal of impregnated protons from the degraded capacitor due to the chemical potential difference of protons between the forming-gas-annealed capacitor and the contacting atmosphere, and (ii) the restoration of perovskite BLT phase with the help of replenishment of the Bi and oxygen losses via diffusion from the neighboring intact region to the Bi-depleted columnar region located beneath the top Pt electrode. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics.open1156sciescopu

Lensed CMB power spectra from all-sky correlation functions

Weak lensing of the CMB changes the unlensed temperature anisotropy and polarization power spectra. Accounting for the lensing effect will be crucial to obtain accurate parameter constraints from sensitive CMB observations. Methods for computing the lensed power spectra using a low-order perturbative expansion are not good enough for percent-level accuracy. Non-perturbative flat-sky methods are more accurate, but curvature effects change the spectra at the 0.3-1% level. We describe a new, accurate and fast, full-sky correlation-function method for computing the lensing effect on CMB power spectra to better than 0.1% at l<2500 (within the approximation that the lensing potential is linear and Gaussian). We also discuss the effect of non-linear evolution of the gravitational potential on the lensed power spectra. Our fast numerical code is publicly available.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures. Changes to match PRD version including new section on non-linear corrections. CAMB code available at http://camb.info

Freshwater Ecosystems: From Models to Applications

Freshwater ecosystems—lakes and streams—are being endangered by agricultural, urban, and industrial pollution; hydraulic engineering; and overexploitation, which threaten their capacity to provide important services (recreation and supply of food and clean water, among others). Ecological modeling may be employed to estimate impacts and analyze mitigation strategies. Toy models are easy to construct, but applying them to real-world problems is often challenging. Here, we show in two case studies how the connection from model to application can be made. The first study analyzes whether and how the impact of climatic change on a mostly recreational fishery in an Alpine lake can be mitigated, while the second looks at restoring biodiversity after cleaning up pollution in a Korean river system, using aquatic insects, which play an essential functional role in aquatic food-webs and are very sensitive to water quality, as indicators of ecosystem health. These studies highlight the ability of process-based eco-evolutionary models to generate testable hypotheses and contribute solutions to real-world problems

The OPERA experiment Target Tracker

The main task of the Target Tracker detector of the long baseline neutrino oscillation OPERA experiment is to locate in which of the target elementary constituents, the lead/emulsion bricks, the neutrino interactions have occurred and also to give calorimetric information about each event. The technology used consists in walls of two planes of plastic scintillator strips, one per transverse direction. Wavelength shifting fibres collect the light signal emitted by the scintillator strips and guide it to both ends where it is read by multi-anode photomultiplier tubes. All the elements used in the construction of this detector and its main characteristics are described.Comment: 25 pages, submitted to Nuclear Instrument and Method

Intrinsic Subtype and Therapeutic Response Among HER2-Positive Breast Tumors from the NCCTG (Alliance) N9831 Trial

Background: Genomic data from human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive (HER2+) tumors were analyzed to assess the association between intrinsic subtype and clinical outcome in a large, well-annotated patient cohort

Changes in Expression of Genes Representing Key Biologic Processes after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer, and Prognostic Implications in Residual Disease.

Purpose The primary aim was to derive evidence for or against the clinical importance of several biologic processes in patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) by assessing expression of selected genes with prior implications in prognosis or treatment resistance. The secondary aim was to determine the prognostic impact in residual disease of the genes' expression.Experimental design Expression levels of 24 genes were quantified by NanoString nCounter on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded residual tumors from 126 patients treated with NAC and 56 paired presurgical biopsies. The paired t test was used for testing changes in gene expression, and Cox regression and penalized elastic-net Cox Regression for estimating HRs.Results After NAC, 12 genes were significantly up- and 8 downregulated. Fourteen genes were significantly associated with time to recurrence in univariable analysis in residual disease. In a multivariable model, ACACB, CD3D, MKI67, and TOP2A added prognostic value independent of clinical ER(-), PgR(-), and HER2(-) status. In ER(+)/HER2(-) patients, ACACB, PAWR, and ERBB2 predicted outcome, whereas CD3D and PAWR were prognostic in ER(-)/HER2(-) patients. By use of elastic-net analysis, a 6-gene signature (ACACB, CD3D, DECORIN, ESR1, MKI67, PLAU) was identified adding prognostic value independent of ER, PgR, and HER2.Conclusions Most of the tested genes were significantly enriched or depleted in response to NAC. Expression levels of genes representing proliferation, stromal activation, metabolism, apoptosis, stemcellness, immunologic response, and Ras-ERK activation predicted outcome in residual disease. The multivariable gene models identified could, if validated, be used to identify patients needing additional post-neoadjuvant treatment to improve prognosis. Clin Cancer Res; 22(10); 2405-16. ©2016 AACR