Fatty acid and conjugated linoleic acid content of Anatolian buffaloes at different muscle types and slaughter weight

This research was performed to detect tissue fatty acid (FA) composition and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content in Anatolian buffaloes at different muscle types (MTs) and slaughter weights (SWs). The research was carried out on a private commercial livestock farm in Tokat. The research's animal material comprised 20 Anatolian buffalo calves with approximately 100 kg body weights, weaned at about 150 days of age. Before the experiment started, the calves were randomly divided into two slaughter groups (SW) as low weight (LW=225 kg) and high weight (HW=325 kg). Ten calves from each of the two experimental groups, which were intensively fed, were slaughtered in two different weights. After the slaughtering, FA composition and CLA content of the Semimembranosus (SM), Semitendinosus (ST), and Triceps brachii (TB) muscle tissues of the animals were examined. The study determined that palmitoleic acid (C16:1) and stearic acid (C18:0) were affected by MTs and oleic acid (C18:1) and alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3) were affected by SW (P 0.05). With the increase of SW (in LW and HW groups), n-6/n3 (SM: 7.783 and 6.533; ST: 8.115 and 7.859; TB: 8.416 and 8.215) (P > 0.05) and PUFA ratio decreased (P 0.05). Again, with the increase in SW, AI and TI values increased in SM and ST muscles, while the same index values decreased in TB muscle (P> 0.05). In conclusion, when considering the PUFA/SFA ratio and the beneficial effects of CLAs on human health, ST in the MT and LW groups in SW, and thus ST and LW in MT and SW were prominent in Anatolian buffaloes

Fatty acid profilies and some meat quality traits at different slaughter weights of Brown Swiss bulls

This research was done to detect some meat quality traits and tissue fatty acid combination of the longissimus dorsi thoracis (LT) muscle of Brown Swiss bulls at the different slaughter weights (SW). The animal material of the study comprised 20 Brown Swiss bulls. In the study, Brown Swiss bulls were divided into two groups according to their SW as low (LSW (n = 10); 431–503 kg) and high (HSW (n = 10); 504–583 kg). In the study, the LSW group showed the lowest final pH value (pHF) (5.44) (P 0.05). In the research, the differences observed between the SW groups considering a* (redness) and C (chroma) values were found significant (P 0.05). Freeze–thaw loss (FL) and ether extract (PEE) were found 4.35% and 1.01% higher, respectively, in the HSW group than the LSW group (P 0.05) in the LT muscle decreased with the increase of SW. As a result, when LSW and HSW slaughter weight groups were evaluated considering the water losses causing financial losses in meat and fatty acids having beneficial effects on human health, it was seen that the LSW group came to the fore. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V

Estimation of genetic and phenotypic parameters for body condition score, milk yield and milk composition, and factors affecting related traits during the first 150 days of lactation in Holstein cows

This study aimed to estimate the genetic and phenotypic parameters for BCS, milk yield and its composition in Holstein cows. The data were collected in the first 150 days in milk (DIM) of 317 Holstein cows calved between 2017 and 2018 raised at a pri-vate dairy cattle farm located in Kırşehir of Turkey. In this study, parity and DIM were included as fixed factors in the model. The cows were grouped according to their BCS: low (BCS≤2.50), moderate (BCS=2.75-3.00) and high (BCS≥3.25). The results showed that effects of parity and DIM on BCS, test-day milk yield (TDMY), solids-non-fat (SNF), protein content (PC), lactose (LACT), fat yield (FY) and protein yield (PY) were significantly important (P<0.05), whereas fat content (FC) was not. The highest TDMY, FY and PY were determined in cows with low BCS. FC, SNF, PC and LACT were the highest in cows with high BCS compared to those with low BCS and moderate BCS. The estimated heritability were 0.188, 0.301, 0.184, 0.197, 0.194, 0.223, 0.196 and 0.342 for BCS, TDMY, FC, SNF, PC, LACT, FY and PY, respectively. Repeatability for these traits was estimated to vary from 0.257 to 0.521. Genetic correlations between BCS and milk yield traits were generally low and ranged from-0.175 to 0.191. Low to moderate phenotypic correlations were also observed between BCS and milk yield traits (-0.234 to 0.217). Despite estimated low heritability and correlations during the early lactation period in our study, these results showed that cows with lower BCS had higher milk yield and lower milk contents, and selection programs including BCS will lead to slight improvements of milk yield traits in Holstein cows. © 2022, Massimo Morgante. All rights reserved

Učinak broja somatskih stanica na prinos i sastav mlijeka u krava holštajnske pasmine

This study was conducted to assess the impact of somatic cell count (SCC) on the test day milk yield (TDMY) and milk composition parameters (fat, solids-not-fat, protein and lactose) of Holstein cows raised in the Kırşehir province of Turkey. A total of 1194 raw milk samples were collected from 195 Holstein cows at different stages of lactation (from 1 to 7), parities (from 1 to 3) and calving seasons (autumn, winter, spring and summer). Also, TDMY and milk composition traits were tested by SCC in four groups (500×103 cells/mL). For statistical evaluation, SCC data were converted to log10 base. The overall means of log10SCC, TDMY, fat, solids-not-fat (SNF), protein and lactose were determined as 4.95 ± 0.016, 33.36 ± 0.232 kg/day, 3.39 ± 0.021%, 9.04 ± 0.013%, 3.32 ± 0.005% and 4.92 ± 0.007%, respectively. Log10SCC, TDMY, fat, SNF, protein and lactose were significantly affected by the stage of lactation, parity and calving seasons (P201×103 cells/mL) had a lower TDMY than milk with lower SCC (500×103 cells/mL. It was concluded that SCC in milk should not exceed 500×103 cells/mL for Holstein cows, suggesting that monthly control of SCC may be effective for improving milk production and milk quality in Holstein cows.Ovim se istraživanjem želio ustanoviti utjecaj broja somatskih stanica (SCC) na dnevni prinos mlijeka (TDMY) i sastav mlijeka (masnoća, suha tvar, bjelančevine i laktoza) krava holštajnske pasmine u Kirşehiru u Turskoj. Ukupno 1194 uzoraka sirova mlijeka prikupljeno je od 195 krava holštajnske pasmine u različitim fazama laktacije (od 1 do 7), pariteta (od 1 do 3) i različitim razdobljima teljenja (jesen, zima, proljeće i ljeto). Također, ispitivan je broj somatskih stanica s obzirom na dnevni prinos i sastav mlijeka u četiri skupine (500×103 stanica po mililitru). Za statističku obradu podaci o broju stanica prikazani su u bazi 10 logaritma (log10). Ukupna srednja vrijednost log10 za SSC iznosila je 4.95 ± 0.016, za TDMY 33.36 ± 0.232 kg/day, za masnoću 3.39 ± 0.021 %, za suhu tvar 9.04 ± 0.013 %, za bjelančevine 3.32 ± 0.005 % i za laktozu 4.92 ± 0.007 %. Na ukupnu srednju vrijednost log10SCC, dnevnog prinosa, masnoće, suhe tvari, bjelančevina i laktoze statistički znakovito (P201×103 stanica po mililitru) imale su manji dnevni prinos mlijeka nego one s manjim brojem somatskih stanica (<100×103 i 100-200 stanica po mililitru). Smanjen dnevni prinos i manja količina masnoće, suhe tvari, bjelančevina i laktoze utvrđeni su u mlijeku s brojem somatskih stanica većim od 500×103 stanica po mililitru. Zaključeno je da broj somatskih stanica u mlijeku ne bi trebao biti veći od 500× 103 stanica po mililitru te da bi mjesečna kontrola broja somatskih stanica u mlijeku krava holštajnske pasmine mogla povećati proizvodnju i poboljšati njegovu kakvoću

The effects of slaughter weight on chemical composition, physical properties, and fatty acid profile of musculus longissimus dorsi in Holstein bulls

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of slaughter weight on chemical composition, physical properties, and fatty acid profile of musculus longissimus dorsi (MLD) in Holstein bulls. The bulls (n = 20) were divided into two slaughter weight groups as light (450–520 kg) and heavy (521–580 kg) according to body weights at slaughter. After resecting MLD from the carcass, its chemical composition, physical properties, and fatty acid profile were determined. The analysis showed that fat, ash, and cholesterol contents of MLD were significantly affected by slaughter weight (P < 0.05). Higher fat, ash, and cholesterol contents were determined in heavy bulls compared with light ones. However, the protein and moisture contents were not significantly different between slaughter weight groups in terms of pH, drip loss, and water holding capacity. With regard to meat color, the a* was significantly higher in light bulls; however, the L* and b* values were similar in both slaughter weight groups. Of all fatty acids, only C:10 was found the highest in heavy bulls (P < 0.05). The n-6/n-3 ratio was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in light bulls compared with heavy ones. Consequently, the best results were obtained from light Holstein bulls in order to achieve better beef quality. © 2019, Springer Nature B.V.Firat University Scientific Research Projects Management Unit, FÃ?BAP --This work was financially supported by Kırşehir Ahi Evran University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit with project number: PYO-ZRT.4001.14.002. -

Effects of Some Environmental Factors on Birth Weight of Anatolian Buffalo Calves

This study was conducted to determine the effects of some environmental factors on birth weight (BW) in Anatolian Buffalo calves born in the scope of the project of improvement of Anatolian Buffalo in public hand supported by General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies reared in Amasya province of Turkey. A total of 228 heads calves born between 2014 and 2015 were constituted the study material. Sex of calf, maternal age, birth season and location were assessed as affecting factors on BW. The data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical package program. Average BW was determined as 29.3 ± 0.43 kg. The effects of calf sex, maternal age and birth season on BW were detected to be statistically significant. The average BW of the male calves (32.2 ± 0.57 kg) was found to be higher than those of the female calves (26.0 ± 0.50 kg). BW of calves born in autumn had the lowest value. In addition, BW was tented to increase with advanced maternal age