Creation of a Nanomodified Backfill Based on the Waste from Enrichment of Water-Soluble Ores

The paper analyzes losses during the development of low-value water-soluble ore deposits. The importance of development systems with backfill is shown. The use of industrial wastes of water-soluble ores to replace specially produced inert components in the preparation of backfill seems to be a good way to utilize the

Industrial waste in concrete mixtures for construction of underground structures and minerals extraction

An increase in population leads to an increase in the density of inhabitants in megacities and leads to an increase in consumed raw materials. The paper presents the description of the problems that arise for builders when building density increases and for producers of raw materials that arise when raw material is intensified. The analysis of the impact of construction and mining waste on the environment was carried out. Compositions of concrete mixes and methods of their preparation are offered to improve the quality and safety of life in megacities, as well as the safety of mining operations along with reducing the human impact on the ecosystem. Aspects of preparation of concrete mixes and questions of improvement of its quality by activation of components are revealed. The possibility of activation of construction and mining waste used as an inert aggregate in considered. The possibility of realization of non-waste production is considered. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Planetary technology. Prerequisites for the formation of a new scientific discipline

The article considers the military-political confrontation in the “space race” between the USSR and the United States, which opened up historical prospects for scientific research and development of outer space. The assessment to new initiatives of the USA is given. Such initiatives that have not just returned the confrontation in the space sphere but have defined a new vector: commercial research of the mineral resources of celestial bodies; exploitation and utilization of space resources; an attempt to establish boundaries of commercial interests of the States on celestial bodies. An assessment of the development of the mining industry, indicating the intensification of mineral extraction and the impact of mining operations on the environment, is made. The paper also contains an analysis of emerging man-made disasters at mining enterprises and their impact on humans and the environment. It is suggested that the gradual depletion of Earth’s resources, the deterioration of the environmental situation in the locations where minerals are extracted, and a good knowledge of a number of space bodies that have unique reserves of mineral raw materials, makes the celestial bodies attractive for commercial development. The programs of various States in the field of development of celestial bodies and possible development of their mineral resources are analyzed. The article deals with the trends and concepts of further research in the field of space exploration, the commonality and difference of Geotechnology and the process of extracting minerals from celestial bodies. The mutual relationship between the development of the mineral resource base of celestial bodies and the development of several related Sciences is determined. The prerequisites for the possible formation of a new independent scientific direction are identified, and its stages are defined. It is suggested that it is possible to identify a new object of research and consider the extraction of minerals from space bodies as a separate science. It was also noted that due to the lack of industry planetary development and exploration of mineral resource base of the celestial bodies, the development of this science will be based on the analysis of experience and scientific knowledge obtained through research. After selecting the object of research, the subject of research and goals were also determined, as well as the relationship with other related Sciences was indicated. © 2020, Scientific and Industrial company 'Gemos Ltd.'. All rights reserved

Stress-strain behavior control in rock mass using different-strength backfill

Transition of mining to deeper horizons, depletion of mineral reserves and complication of geological conditions can induce manmade disasters. To avoid the negative consequences of mineral mining, it is necessary to improve the ground control procedures for enhancement of mining safety, to introduce new engineering solutions that enable hybrid open pit/underground mining and to abate adverse impact of geotechnology on the local biological optimum. The analysis of the backfilling experience allows for the conclusion on the necessity of improvement and wider application of this technology as it makes it possible to level the disadvantages of other systems, promotes safety of mining operations and ensures more complete mineral extraction. The finite element-based stress-strain analysis of rock mass depending on the backfilling variant defines the variation range of stresses. The comparative studies into the parameters of the exposed backfill surfaces allow concluding on applicability of differentstrength backfill in mineral mining in difficult geological conditions. Based on using differentstrength backfill, the authors propose some engineering solutions capable to reduce the cost of backfilling operations at the maintained safety and completeness of mineral extraction in mining thin and moderately thick steeply dipping and flat ore bodies. © 2020 Publishing house Mining book. All rights reserved

Geomechanical substantiation of parameters of technology for mining salt deposits with a backfill

The analysis of the technogenic impact of mining on the environment was carried out. A transition to geotechnology with backfill is proposed in order to reduce the impact of mining operations. The paper presents the results of research aimed at finding the parameters of the technology for mining salt deposits with backfill and the determination of the backfilling influence on the dynamics of deformation of the undermined rock mass. The results of studies on the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the rock mass behavior (by the finite element method with the use of the FLAC3D software), extracted by the harvesters, are given. The research shows the influence of mining on the mass, changes in the maximum stresses during the cementing of the paste backfill in the stopes. It is recommended to use this approach in geotechnical assessment of the rock mass behavior in the conditions of using development systems of various classes

Renewable-Resource Technologies in Mining and Metallurgical Enterprises Providing Environmental Safety

The article addresses the issue of mining and industrial waste stored in tailings and heaps in mining areas, and it explores the existing, as well as new, ways of reducing its harmful impact on the environment. On the basis of the Russian experience in mining industry in Ural, it presents a process which makes it possible to eliminate the amassed hazardous waste, retrieve the valuable material (metals) stored in it, and use the remaining waste as backfill in order to both: store it underground (and not on the surface) and prevent the disasters caused by the collapse of the abandoned shafts, thus prolonging the functioning of the mining areas. The process includes preliminary activation treatment of materials found in industrial waste in a disintegrator to protect the environment from toxic pollution. The promising results of the experiment have been discussed, taking into account the complexities of economic evaluation of the idea

Ранняя диагностика хронического панкреатита

Chronic pancreatitis is one of the most challenging disorders from the perspective of its early diagnosis and effective treatment. Within the last decade, the diagnosis of early chronic pancreatitis has been firmly introduced into the practice of gastroenterology. The delineation of this form as an initial stage of chronic pancreatitis is based on the need in early and effective treatment that could cease the progression of the disease and reduce the possibility of its complications. The diagnostic criteria of chronic pancreatitis have been described in details in the literature; however, specifics of the diagnosis in its early stage have been scarcely highlighted. Chronic pancreatitis is commonly diagnosed with a number of imaging techniques (they can show abnormalities in morphology of the pancreas), as well as laboratory tests (showing functional organ deficit). However, morphological and imaging techniques are insufficient for the diagnosis of the early chronic pancreatitis. A new integral strategy towards early diagnosis seems necessary, that would consider not only the morphology, but also potential etiology, risk factors of the disease and its complications in patients with suspected chronic pancreatitis. The review of the literature presents the definition of the early pancreatitis and discusses the potential of imaging techniques and functional tests in its diagnosis. An adequate strategy for the diagnosis of the early pancreatitis is formulated, based on an individual patient characteristic with suspected early chronic pancreatitis, namely, risk factors, clinical manifestations, imaging results and serological biomarkers.Хронический панкреатит одно из наиболее сложных заболеваний с точки зрения проведения ранней диагностики и эффективного лечения. В течение последнего десятилетия диагноз ранний хронический панкреатит прочно входит в гастроэнтерологическую практику. Выделение данной формы как начальной стадии развития хронического панкреатита обусловлено необходимостью проведения раннего и эффективного лечения, что позволяет остановить прогрессирование заболевания и снизить вероятность его осложнений. Критерии диагностики хронического панкреатита подробно описаны в научной литературе, тем не менее особенности распознавания его ранней формы освещены скупо. Хронический панкреатит обычно диагностируют с помощью ряда методов визуализации (они могут обнаружить морфологические изменения в поджелудочной железе), а также лабораторных тестов (определяют функциональную недостаточность органа). Однако для диагностики раннего хронического панкреатита использования исключительно морфологических и визуализационных методов недостаточно. Необходимым представляется новый интегральный подход к ранней диагностике, учитывающий не только морфологию, но также возможную этиологию, факторы риска развития заболевания и его осложнений у пациентов с подозрением на хронический панкреатит. В обзоре литературы дано определение раннего панкреатита, обсуждаются возможности методов визуализации, функциональных тестов в диагностике раннего хронического панкреатита. Формулируется адекватный подход к диагностике раннего хронического панкреатита, диагноз при котором опирается на комплекс индивидуальных особенностей пациента с подозрением на ранний хронический панкреатит, а именно факторы риска, клинические проявления, результаты визуализации и серологические биомаркеры

Creation of a Nanomodified Backfill Based on the Waste from Enrichment of Water-Soluble Ores

The paper analyzes losses during the development of low-value water-soluble ore deposits. The importance of development systems with backfill is shown. The use of industrial wastes of water-soluble ores to replace specially produced inert components in the preparation of backfill seems to be a good way to utilize them. The aim of the work was to create a fill mass with improved strength properties based on industrial wastes of water-soluble ores activated with a nanomodifying material. The characteristics (chemical and granulometric compositions) of an aggregate of the backfill based on the waste from enrichment of water-soluble ores are given. The validation of the hardening mixture compositions for various mining systems was carried out considering: the specified strength, the time of the artificial mass erection, the time to achieve the required strength properties of the material, which determine the possible intensity of the mining operations; method of transporting the backfill. The expediency of using a multilayer fulleroid nanomodifier astralene as a nanomodifying additive has been proved. The effect of the backfill activation with a nanomodifying additive, astralene, on the structural changes of halite wastes from the halurgic enrichment of water-soluble ores (potash) was investigated. To study the strength properties of the fill mass, the comparative analytical method was used. The strength properties of the backfill were measured in standard test periods, taking into account the intensity of hardening of the backfill material (after 7, 14, 28, 60, 90 days). To obtain reliable results, 10 backfill samples were tested at each of the scheduled dates. The shape and chemical composition of crystalline new forms were studied. Studies were performed using X-ray phase analysis and scanning electron microscopy. As a result of uniaxial compression of hardening backfill samples, the dependence of the ultimate strength on the astralene content and the hardening time were established. It has been experimentally proved that the use of a nanomodifying additive, astralene, in the backfill allows an increase in the strength properties of the created artificial mass by 1.76–2.36 times while reducing binder consumption

Early diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis

Chronic pancreatitis is one of the most challenging disorders from the perspective of its early diagnosis and effective treatment. Within the last decade, the diagnosis of early chronic pancreatitis has been firmly introduced into the practice of gastroenterology. The delineation of this form as an initial stage of chronic pancreatitis is based on the need in early and effective treatment that could cease the progression of the disease and reduce the possibility of its complications. The diagnostic criteria of chronic pancreatitis have been described in details in the literature; however, specifics of the diagnosis in its early stage have been scarcely highlighted. Chronic pancreatitis is commonly diagnosed with a number of imaging techniques (they can show abnormalities in morphology of the pancreas), as well as laboratory tests (showing functional organ deficit). However, morphological and imaging techniques are insufficient for the diagnosis of the early chronic pancreatitis. A new integral strategy towards early diagnosis seems necessary, that would consider not only the morphology, but also potential etiology, risk factors of the disease and its complications in patients with suspected chronic pancreatitis. The review of the literature presents the definition of the early pancreatitis and discusses the potential of imaging techniques and functional tests in its diagnosis. An adequate strategy for the diagnosis of the early pancreatitis is formulated, based on an individual patient characteristic with suspected early chronic pancreatitis, namely, risk factors, clinical manifestations, imaging results and serological biomarkers