Urban stream Osówka in Szczecin – how efficiently as possible should the variability of the stream water quality be studied along the road of runoff in time?

The water quality of the stream Osówka in the NW part of the Szczecin city was studied. Water samples were collected in four seasons of 2014 – January, April, July and October in 6 sampling stations, from station near the source of the stream – to inflow of Osówka stream water to the lake Rusalka. 20 selected water chemistry indices were measured. The aim of discernment variability of water quality along stream runoff path during studied period chemometric procedures were conducted: cluster analysis (CA), calculations of linear regression equation $y_{1} = \bar y_1 + \sum_{j=1}^6 \alpha_j S_j + \sum_{k=1}^4 \beta_k T_k + SSE$ for selected water quality indices $(y_i)$, where $S_j$ and $T_k$ – are sampling stations and sampling terms numbers – respectively, and factor analysis (FA). It has been shown significant variability of Osówka water quality along the runoff path and established what parameters characterizing the variability of stream water chemistry should be examined in the places of indicated sampling stations – the same as in the studies – the quantities of terms of sampling in 4 consecutive seasons.Badano jakość wód strumienia Osówka w NW części miasta Szczecina. Próbki wody do badań pobierano w czterech terminach – styczeń, kwiecień, lipiec i październik 2014 roku w miejscu 6 stacji, poczynając od ujęcia w pobliżu źródła strumienia – aż do dopływu wód Osówki do jeziora Rusałka. Oznaczano 20 wybranych wskaźników jakości wód. Celem rozeznania zmienności jakości wód wzdłuż drogi spływu w okresie badawczym przeprowadzono studia chemometryczne posługując się procedurami: CA, obliczano równania regresji $y_{1} = \bar y_1 + \sum_{j=1}^6 \alpha_j S_j + \sum_{k=1}^4 \beta_k T_k + SSE$ dla poszczególnych wskaźników jakości wód $(y_i)$, gdzie $S_j$ i $T_k$ – to numery stacji i terminów poboru próbek – odpowiednio, a także FA. Wykazano znaczną zmienność jakości wód Osówki wzdłuż drogi spływu i ustalono, jakie parametry charakteryzujące zmienność chemizmu wód strumienia powinny być badane w miejscach wskazanych stacji pomiarowych – przy identycznej jak w przeprowadzonych badaniach – ilościach terminów poboru próbek w następujących po sobie 4 porach roku

Możliwość zastosowania metod chemometrycznych do oceny wpływu czynników środowiskowych na jakość wody na przykładzie jezior w Wolińskim Parku Narodowym

Selected water quality indices collected form Czajcze and Domysłowsie Lakes in Wolin National Park in years 2000-2013 were studied. With the chemometric procedures an attempt was made to assess the impact of selected environmental factors in particular water level of lakes and monthly sum of precipitation on hydrochemistry of the lakes. It has been demonstrated that the level of lake waters can significantly shape the quality of the examined waters on the runoff of a river through lakes.Oznaczano wybrane wskaźniki jakości wody zebrane z jezior Czajcze i Domysłowskie w Wolińskim Parku Narodowym w latach 2000-2013. Przy użyciu procedur chemometrycznych podjęto próbę oceny wpływu wybranych czynników środowiskowych, w szczególności poziomu wody w jeziorach, jak i miesięcznej sumy opadów, na hydrochemię jezior. Wykazano, że poziom wód jeziornych może znacząco wpłynąć na jakość badanych wód podczas spływu rzeki przez jeziora

Statistical Model of Ship Delays on the Fairway in Terms of Restrictions Resulting from the Port Regulations: Case Study of Świnoujście-Szczecin Fairway

The article describes a study of ship delays on the Świnoujście-Szczecin waterway observed by the VTS operator. The research has led to an understanding of the factors that affect delays of ships calling at the ports of Szczecin and Police, as well as the possibilities of predicting and preventing these delays. This article presents the results of the study on the traffic intensity on the investigated waterway and the process of identifying the port regulation that causes the most frequent delays. Based on the obtained results from the statistical analysis and from using multiple regression, a statistical model has been developed that has the ability to estimate expected delays. Additionally, the model has been expanded to calculate financial losses resulting from delays, taking into account the daily cost of maintaining the studied ships. The study took place during ongoing project “Modernization of the Świnoujście-Szczecin waterway to a depth of 12.5 m” but does not include delays resulting from this project

Approach to the Ankle in Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity.

Adult acquired flatfoot is a progressive deformity of the foot and ankle, which frequently becomes increasingly symptomatic. The posterior tibial tendon is most commonly associated with the deformity. A targeted physical examination with plain film radiographs is the recommended initial assessment, which will further guide a physician toward procuring more advanced imaging or toward surgical intervention. In this chapter the authors review the current literature of their approach to the treatment of the ankle in end stage of adult acquired flatfoot deformity

IoT in Water Quality Monitoring—Are We Really Here?

The Internet of Things (IoT) has become widespread. Mainly used in industry, it already penetrates into every sphere of private life. It is often associated with complex sensors and very complicated technology. IoT in life sciences has gained a lot of importance because it allows one to minimize the costs associated with field research, expeditions, and the transport of the many sensors necessary for physical and chemical measurements. In the literature, we can find many sensational ideas regarding the use of remote collection of environmental research. However, can we fully say that IoT is well established in the natural sciences

Water quality and ecological role of urban lake: a case study of Słoneczne Lake in Szczecin (NW-Poland)

This paper presents the differentiation of water quality in urban flowing water reservoir on the example of Słoneczne Lake in Szczecin along the water runway through the lake on a basis of 21 selected water quality indices at intervals of approximately one month. Water quality was determined on the basis of current Legal Acts in Poland. Based on the collected data and the use of chemometric techniques, an attempt was made to determine the role of the Słoneczne Lake in the hydrological network of Szczecin.W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono zróżnicowanie jakości wody w miejskim przepływowym zbiorniku wodnym na przykładzie Jeziora Słonecznego w Szczecinie wzdłuż drogi spływu wód przez zbiornik wodny, oznaczając 21 wybranych wskaźników jakości wody w odstępach ok. jednomiesięcznych. Określano jakość wody na podstawie obecnie obowiązujących przepisów prawnych w Polsce. Na podstawie zebranych danych i wykorzystaniu technik chemometrycznych podjęto próbę określenia roli, jaką pełni Jezioro Słoneczne w sieci hydrologicznej miasta Szczecina

Effects of Rhizosphere Bacteria on Strawberry Plants (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) under Water Deficit

Due to the observed climate warming, water deficiency in soil is currently one of the most important stressors limiting the size and quality of plant crops. Drought stress causes a number of morphological, physiological, and biochemical changes in plants, limiting their growth, development, and yield. Innovative methods of inducing resistance and protecting plants against stressors include the inoculation of crops with beneficial microorganisms isolated from the rhizosphere of the plant species to which they are to be applied. The aim of the present study was to evaluate 12 different strains of rhizosphere bacteria of the genera Pantoea, Bacillus, Azotobacter, and Pseudomonas by using them to inoculate strawberry plants and assessing their impact on mitigating the negative effects of drought stress. Bacterial populations were assessed by estimates of their size based on bacterial counts in the growth substrate and with bioassays for plant growth-promoting traits. The physiological condition of strawberry plants was determined based on the parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence. The usefulness of the test methods used to assess the influence of plant inoculation with rhizosphere bacteria on the response of plants growing under water deficit was also evaluated. A two-factor experiment was performed in a complete randomization design. The first experimental factor was the inoculation of plant roots with rhizosphere bacteria. The second experimental factor was the different moisture content of the growth substrate. The water potential was maintained at −10 to −15 kPa under control conditions, and at −40 to −45 kPa under the conditions of water deficit in the substrate. The tests on strawberry plants showed that the highest sensitivity to water deficiency, and thus the greatest usefulness for characterizing water stress, was demonstrated by the following indices of chlorophyll “a” fluorescence: FM, FV, FV/FM, PI, and Area. Based on the assessment of the condition of the photosynthetic apparatus and the analysis of chlorophyll “a” fluorescence indices, including hierarchical cluster analysis, the following strains of rhizosphere bacteria were found to have favorable effects on strawberry plants under water deficit: the Bacillus sp. strains DLGB2 and DKB26 and the Pantoea sp. strains DKB63, DKB70, DKB68, DKB64, and DKB65. In the tests, these strains of Bacillus sp. exhibited a common trait—the ability to produce siderophores, while those of Pantoea sp. were notable for phosphate mobilization and ACCD activity

Toxic Elements and Mineral Content of Different Tissues of Endemic Edible Snails (Helix vladika and H. secernenda) of Montenegro

The objective of the present study is to determine the differences between the mineral content of various organs of Helix vladika and H. secernenda, the two most abundant edible snail species in Montenegro. The bioaccumulation of 12 examined elements (zinc, manganese, copper, aluminum, cadmium, lead, nickel, iron, chromium, lithium, selenium and mercury) was determined in the hepatopancreas, albumen gland, digestive tract, reproductive system, mantle, foot and shell from three sampling sites (Biogradska Gora, Nikšić and Malesija). The examined populations of H. vladika and H. secernenda showed a significant difference in their lithium and selenium contents. The levels of the most examined metals (Zn, Mn, Cu, Al, Cd, Pb, Se and Hg) varied significantly among organs. The digestive tract and hepatopancreas tend to bioaccumulate selenium and cadmium. The general mean concentration of cadmium in the examined snail tissues exceeded the maximum allowable level at the Biogradska Gora and Malesija sites. Therefore, the use of the Montenegrin edible snails collected from the wilderness for human consumption seems to be limited by their higher bioaccumulation capacity for toxic elements such as cadmium