Phosphorylation of p70S6K following an acute bout of resistance exercise before 16 weeks of resistance training and the percentage change in skeletal muscle mean fibre area following the training * P < 0.05.

<p>A) Fold change in P70S6K phosphorylation. B) Correlation between 5h fold change in P70S6K phosphorylation and the percentage change in skeletal muscle mean fibre area following the training period. r = 0.54, P = 0.007.</p

Correlation between the fold change in muscle AR protein content and changes in skeletal muscle fibre area following 16 weeks of resistance training.

<p>r = 0.60, P=0.003.</p

Correlation between the AUC of the acute IL-6 response to resistance exercise before 16 weeks of resistance training and the percentage change in skeletal muscle mean muscle fibre area following 16 weeks of resistance training.

<p>r=0.48, P = 0.019.</p

Muscle volume, muscle mass, and strength changes following resistance training.

<p>The absolute increase in A) Quadriceps muscle volume determined by MRI, B) Fat free bone free mass determined by DXA, C) Leg press 1RM and D) Chest press 1RM. Each dot represents a single subject, the lines show the group mean change and the standard deviation of the mean. All increases were significantly different from zero (i.e., an increase from pre training P<0.05).</p

Relationship between muscle hypertrophy and potential correlates.

<p>A) The relationship between changes in muscle volume as measured by MRI and the Myofibrillar fractional synthetic rate (FSR) measured from 1 to 6 hours after an acute bout of resistance exercise and nutrition before the start of the resistance training period (r = 0.10, P = 0.67). B) The relationship between changes in muscle volume as measured by MRI and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation at Thr37/46 measured 1 hour after an acute bout of resistance exercise and nutrition before the start of the resistance training period (r = 0.42, P = 0.05).</p

Myofibrillar Protein synthesis.

<p>FSR is calculated at rest and after an acute bout of resistance exercise and protein ingestion prior to the start of the resistance training period. The other rates were calculated from 1 to 3–6 hours after the resistance exercises. Each circle, square, and triangle represents a single subject at rest, 1–3 and 3–6 hours post exercises respectively * Significantly different than rest P<0.05.</p

Phosphorylation of anabolic signalizing proteins.

<p>The results are expressed as fold changes from rest at 1, 3 and 6) mTOR phosphorylation at Ser2448, B) Akt phosphorylation at Ser473, C) 4E-BP1 phosphorylation at Thr37/46 and D) rpS6 phosphorylation at Ser240/244. * Significantly different from rest P<0.05. † Signficantly different from 1 and 3 hour time points P<0.05.</p