ОЦЕНКА НУТРИТИВНОГО СТАТУСА НЕДОНОШЕННЫХ ДЕТЕЙ МЕТОДОМ ВОЗДУШНОЙ ПЛЕТИЗМОГРАФИИ: ПЕРВОЕ РОССИЙСКОЕ ПРОСПЕКТИВНОЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЕ

In this article results of first Russian study on premature infants body composition in association with trend of their physical development within the first month and according to way of feeding. 30 preterm newborns without signs of intrauterine hypotrophy at birth with gestational age less than 35 month were examined by air body plethysmography. The infants were examined reaching term corrected age. Less levels of fat-free mass and increased percentage of fat were found in premature infants. The negative association between gestational age and the specific content of fat was found. This increases the risk of long-term metabolic diseases in preterm infants. It is found that preterm infants fed by fortified human milk have a more optimal body composition (less body fat levels) than infants fed by formula. The found consistent patterns confirm the necessity of supplying preterm infants with human milk for more adequate formation of plastic processes. Представлены результаты первого отечественного исследования состава тела недоношенных детей во взаимосвязи с динамикой их физического развития на первом месяце жизни и в зависимости от характера вскармливания. С помощью воздушной бодиплетизмографии обследовано 30 недоношенных новорожденных с гестационным возрастом 35 и менее недель, не имевших при рождении признаков внутриутробной гипотрофии. Дети обследовались по достижении ими постконцептуального возраста 38–42 нед. У недоношенных детей установлены меньшие показатели безжировой массы тела и увеличенное процентное содержание жира. Обнаружена отрицательная корреляция между гестационным возрастом и удельным содержанием жировой ткани, что увеличивает риск отдаленных метаболических расстройств у маловесных недоношенных детей. Установлено, что недоношенные дети, вскармливаемые грудным молоком с обогатителем, имеют наиболее оптимальный состав тела (меньше жировой массы), чем дети, получающие специализированную смесь. Выявленные закономерности подтверждают необходимость обеспечения недоношенных детей грудным молоком для наиболее адекватного становления пластических процессов.

ROLE OF FETAL VIRUS INFECTIONS IN SHAPING ATOPIC STATUS IN NEWBORN INFANTS

The article describes data from research into the role of fetal virus infections in shaping atopic status in newborn infants subject to the degree of newborn maturation and hereditary taint for allergic diseases. The study of 159 babies during first month of their life showed that erythema toxicum in newborn infants, allergic eruptions, skin dryness and hyperemia are found reliably more frequently in newborn infants with confirmed fetal infection, especially in the combination with tainted medical history of past allergies. By the end of first month, the groups of children with fetal infection have a significantly increased immunoglobulin E in blood serum.Key words: newborn infants, atopy, fetal infections, immunoglobulin E

MODERN DIAGNOSTIC ALGORITHM OF ATOPY IN INFANTS

Difficulties in the timely effective prevention of the atopic process development are related to the lack of unified well-founded programs of primary and secondary prevention of allergy. The paper presents results of studies demonstrating the important role of food antigens in the early formation of the atopic status of the child. A modern algorithm for clinical and immunological diagnosis of atopy, identifying cause-significant allergens in infants has been worked out. Key words: infants, children of the first year of life, atopy, allergy, prevention, food antigens, IgE. (Pediatric pharmacology. — 2011; 8 (6): 68–73)

ROLE OF FETAL VIRUS INFECTIONS IN SHAPING ATOPIC STATUS IN NEWBORN INFANTS

The article describes data from research into the role of fetal virus infections in shaping atopic status in newborn infants subject to the degree of newborn maturation and hereditary taint for allergic diseases. The study of 159 babies during first month of their life showed that erythema toxicum in newborn infants, allergic eruptions, skin dryness and hyperemia are found reliably more frequently in newborn infants with confirmed fetal infection, especially in the combination with tainted medical history of past allergies. By the end of first month, the groups of children with fetal infection have a significantly increased immunoglobulin E in blood serum.Key words: newborn infants, atopy, fetal infections, immunoglobulin E

MODERN DIAGNOSTIC ALGORITHM OF ATOPY IN INFANTS

Difficulties in the timely effective prevention of the atopic process development are related to the lack of unified well-founded programs of primary and secondary prevention of allergy. The paper presents results of studies demonstrating the important role of food antigens in the early formation of the atopic status of the child. A modern algorithm for clinical and immunological diagnosis of atopy, identifying cause-significant allergens in infants has been worked out. Key words: infants, children of the first year of life, atopy, allergy, prevention, food antigens, IgE. (Pediatric pharmacology. — 2011; 8 (6): 68–73)

FEATURES OF THE RECEPTORS EXPRESSION FOR INTERLEUKIN 4 AND 5 IN THE FORMATION OF THE ATOPIC STATUS IN NEWBORNS

Identification of the early markers of the onset of atopic march in children remains important for the effective primary and secondary prevention of allergic diseases. The article contains results of the study of the expression of receptors for interleukin of Th2 profile (IL 4, IL 5) in infants with the formation of the atopic status. The obtained results indicate that expression of receptors is different in families with burden atopic anamnesis and/or in case of impact of certain perinatal factors.Key words: newborn, atopy, interleukin receptors, CD124, CD125, immunoglobulin E

THE ROLE OF ALIMENTARY HYPERSENSITIVITY IN EARLY FORMATION OF ATOPIC STATUS IN INFANTS

High incidence of different types of allergy in children forces us to study the atopy formation peculiarities and methods of its effective prophylaxis. The objective: to study the peculiarities of formation of alimentary allergy in infants. Methods: the study included newborns. Authors studied the family history of allergic diseases. The process of allergy development in system «mother–fetus–child» and influence of several risk factors were detected. Results: authors showed the role of hereditary factor, excessive use of food with high sensitizing potential, artificial feeding with mixtures containing cow milk proteins, and deviations in formation of normal intestinal micro biocenosis in atopy formation in children. Conclusion: authors proposed the method of revelation children with high risk of alimentary allergy. Obtained data proves the necessity of stage-by-stage combined measures for the prophylaxis of allergic pathology in ontogenesis.Key words: newborns, atopy, alimentary allergy, IgE.(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2011; 10 (4): 10–15

MODERN POTENTIALITIES OF IMMUNOPROPHYLAXIS OF SEVERE COURSE OF THE RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRAL INFECTION IN CHILDREN WITH THE CONSEQUENCES OF PERINATAL PATHOLOGY

To a risk group of a heavy course of the respiratory syncytial viral (RSV) infection could be ascribed preterm infants, born before the 35th week of gestation inclusive, as well as children under 2 years old with the bronchopulmonary dysplasia or hemodynamically significant congenital heart defects. World experience shows that the seasonal immunoprophylaxis against RSV-infection with palivizumab in these patients enables to reduce the frequency of hospitalization and resuscitation measures, as well as to decrease the number of deaths. The article presents authors’ clinical and laboratory data and instrumental evaluation of the efficacy and safety of palivizumab on specific clinical examples.Key words: respiratory syncytial virus, acute respiratory viral infection, prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, congenital heart defects, palivizumab