Variational Calculations of the 12C^{12}C Nucleus Structure in a 3α\alpha Model Using a Deep Potential with Forbidden States

The energy spectrum of the $^{12}C$ nucleus with $(J^{\pi}, T)=(0^+,0)$ and $(2^+,0)$ is investigated in the framework of the multicluster dynamical model by using a deep $\alpha \alpha$-potential with forbidden states in the S and D waves. A very high sensitivity of the compact ground and first excited $2^+_1$ states energy levels to the description of the two-body forbidden states wave functions has been estabilished. It is shown also that the chosen method of orthogonalizing pseudopotentials yields convergent results for the energies of the excited $(0^+_2,0)$ and $(0^+_3,0)$ states of the $^{12}C$ nucleus with a well developed cluster like structure

Relativistic structure of one-meson and one-gluon exchange forces and the lower excitation spectrum of the Nucleon and the Delta

The lower excitation spectrum of the nucleon and $\Delta$ is calculated in a relativistic chiral quark model. Corrections to the baryon mass spectrum from the second order self-energy and exchange diagrams induced by pion and gluon fields are estimated in the field -theoretical framework. Convergent results for the self-energy terms are obtained when including the intermediate quark and antiquark states with a total momentum up to $j=25/2$. Relativistic one-meson and color-magnetic one-gluon exchange forces are shown to generate spin 0, 1, 2, etc. operators, which couple the lower and the upper components of the two interacting valence quarks and yield reasonable matrix elements for the lower excitation spectrum of the Nucleon and Delta. The only contribution to the ground state nucleon and $\Delta$ comes from the spin 1 operators, which correspond to the exchanged pion or gluon in the l=1 orbit, thus indicating, that the both pion exchange and color-magnetic gluon exchange forces can contribute to the spin of baryons. Is is shown also that the contribution of the color-electric component of the gluon fields to the baryon spectrum is enormously large (more than 500 MeV with a value $\alpha_s=0.65$) and one needs to restrict to very small values of the strong coupling constant or to exclude completely the gluon-loop corrections to the baryon spectrum. With this restriction, the calculated spectrum reproduces the main properties of the data, however needs further contribution from the two-pion exchange and instanton induced exchange (for the nucleon sector) forces in consistence with the realistic NN-interaction models.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, 7 table

Detailed study of the astrophysical direct capture reaction 6Li(p,γ)7Be^{6}{\rm Li}(p, \gamma)^{7}{\rm Be} in a potential model approach

The astrophysical $S$ factor and reaction rates of the direct capture process $^{6}$Li(p,$\gamma)^{7}$Be are estimated within a two-body single-channel potential model approach. Central potentials of the Gaussian-form in the $^2P_{3/2}$ and $^2P_{1/2}$ waves are adjusted to reproduce the binding energies and the empirical values of the asymptotic normalization coefficients (ANC) for the $^7$Be(3/2$^-$) ground and $^7$Be(1/2$^-$) excited bound states, respectively. The parameters of the potential in the most important $^2S_{1/2}$ scattering channel were fitted to reproduce the empirical phase shifts from the literature and the low-energy astrophysical $S$ factor of the LUNA collaboration. The obtained results for the astrophysical $S$ factor and the reaction rates are in a very good agreement with available experimental data sets. The numerical estimates reproduce not only the absolute values, but also the energy and temperature dependence of the $S$ factor and reaction rates of the LUNA collaboration, respectively. The estimated $^{7}{\rm Li/H}$ primordial abundance ratio $(4.67\pm 0.04 )\times 10^{-10}$ is well consistent with recent BBN result of $(4.72\pm 0.72) \times 10^{-10}$ after the Planck observation.Comment: 18 pages, 7 figure

The influence of rose hip extract on the color and texture indicators of sausages

In the food market, the industry of natural products is actively developing, with the complete exclusion or reduction in the content of synthetic additives. This trend has also affected the niche of ready-to-eat meat products – sausages. Herbal ingredients with initially pronounced antioxidant properties, including rose hips, can be used to replace traditional synthetic additives in meat products. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the possibility of partially replacing sodium nitrite in sausages with an extract of dried rose hips (Rosa canina L.). Rosehip extract was evaluated by color characteristics and texture-profile indicators of boiled sausages. 5 batches of boiled sausages were produced: 1) PC - positive control with sodium nitrite, 2) NC - negative control without sodium nitrite, 3) experimental batch with 3% concentration, 4) with 8% concentration, 5) with 13% concentration of rosehip extract (Rosa canina L.) and 50% sodium nitrite. The color values of the finished boiled experimental sausage samples changed significantly: the lightness parameters decreased compared to all samples, the severity of red hues increased with the increase the extract concentration, but at the same time they were lower compared to the positive control. The values of yellowness were higher in the prototypes. The addition of a new ingredient to the composition of sausages caused significant changes in the texture parameters in proportion to the increase in the concentration of the added extract in the test samples. Pathogenic microorganisms: Escherichia coli group bacteria, Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes were not detected for all studied samples. Among the experimental samples, the minimum indicators of mesophilic bacteria and the most optimal indicators for the inhibition of undesirable microflora and color characteristics were obtained by a sample with 50% sodium nitrite and 13% concentration of rosehip extract