"Bolex Artists" : Bolex cameras, Amateurism, and New York avant-garde film

Diffusé avec l’accord des Éditions Amsterdam University Press, détentrices des droits d’auteur sur ce texte.Designed by Jacques Bogopolsky in 1928, the Bolex camera was first commercialized by the Swiss firm Paillard-Bolex in 1935. The model shown here is an H16, the firm’s emblematic 16mm model, from 1952. The camera measures 8.5 x 5.9 x 2.3 inches (21.6 x 15 x 7.6 cm) and weighs about 12 lbs (5.5 kg). Known for its robustness and versatility, the Bolex uses a spring motor mechanism, is equipped with a reflex viewfinder, and allows for a large range of speed variations—capturing from 8 to 64 frames per second—as well as single frame exposures. Bolex cameras were used by American avant-garde and documentary filmmakers from the late 1940s to the 1970s and beyond, alongside a wide array of users, which included television reporters, people in the educational and business worlds, and non-professionals. This chapter explores the role of the Bolex in the history and aesthetics of avant-garde cinema and its American “renaissance” after World War II. The role that substandard formats played in the construction of an artistic ethos based on the figure of the amateur is also examined, exemplifying technology’s place and meaning in the culture of the time

Технология сухого производства фосфоритовой муки

Описана технологія виробництва сухого фосфоритового борошна, яка включає просівання, дрібне дроблення, термічну сушіння, кульове подрібнення в замкнутому циклі з контрольним сепарацією, пневмотранспорт фосфоритового борошна в силосу. Продуктив-ність технологічної лінії – 150 тис. т у рік. Крупность помолу становить 70% кл. 0,16 мм при вологості 1%.Описана технология сухого производства фосфоритовой муки, которая включает грохочение, мелкое дробление, термическую сушку, шаровое измельчение в замкнутом цикле с контрольным грохочением, пневмотранспорт фосфоритовой муки в силоса. Производительность технологической линии – 150 тыс. т в год. Крупность помола составляет 70% кл. 0,16 мм при влажности 1%

How to Balance Lives and Livelihoods in a Pandemic.

Control measures, such as “lockdowns”, have been widely used to suppress the COVID-19 pandemic. Under some conditions, they prevent illness and save lives. But they also exact an economic toll. How should we balance the impact of such policies on individual lives and livelihoods (and other dimensions of concern) to determine which is best? A widely used method of policy evaluation, benefit–cost analysis (BCA), answers these questions by converting all the effects of a policy into monetary equivalents and then summing them up. A different method, social welfare analysis, proceeds by determining the effects of a policy on individual wellbeing and then applying an aggregation formula to them to evaluate the overall effects of a policy. In this chapter, we survey these methods and argue that social welfare analysis has important advantages. One crucial advantage is that it enables ethical considerations relating to the impact of policies on individual wellbeing and its distribution to be incorporated into policy assessments in a transparent way. We illustrate this with a simple numerical model for evaluating pandemic policies that vary in terms of the stringency of the controls that they impose on individual behaviour, showing how the evaluation depends on the ethical significance accorded to their impact on the wellbeing of different age and income groups

Mepolizumab and benralizumab in patients with severe asthma and a history of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis

IntroductionAsthma associated with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is often severe and corticosteroid-dependent, leading to significant morbidity. Mepolizumab and benralizumab are humanized monoclonal antibodies targeting interleukin 5 (IL-5) and its receptor, respectively. They have been shown to be effective in steroid-sparing in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma.ObjectiveOur aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of mepolizumab and benralizumab prescribed for severe asthma in patients with EGPA under “real-world” conditions.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of patients with EGPA and persistent asthma who received either mepolizumab 100 or 300 mg administered every 4 weeks, or benralizumab 30 mg administered every 4 weeks for the initial 3 injections and followed by an injection every 8 weeks thereafter, whilst combined with oral glucocorticoids. The follow-up every 6 ± 3 months included an assessment of clinical manifestations, pulmonary function tests and eosinophil cell count. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients at 12 months receiving a daily oral dose of prednisone or equivalent of 4 mg or less with a BVAS of 0.ResultsTwenty-six patients were included. After 12 months of treatment with mepolizumab or benralizumab, 32% of patients met the primary outcome and were receiving less than 4 mg of prednisone per day with a BVAS of 0. The median dose of prednisone was 10 mg per day at baseline, 9 mg at 6 months, and 5 mg at 12 months (p ≤ 0.01). At 12 months, 23% of patients were weaned off corticosteroids, while an increase or no change in dose was observed in 27% of patients. The median eosinophil count was significantly reduced from 365 cells/mm3 to 55 cells/mm3 at 6 months and 70 cells/mm3 at 12 months, respectively. No significant change was observed in FEV1. After 12 months of treatment, 14% of patients had had an average of 1 exacerbation of asthma, compared with 52% of patients before baseline. The tolerability profile was favorable.ConclusionIn this real-world study in patients with severe asthma and a history of EGPA asthma, mepolizumab and benralizumab had a significant steroid-sparing effect and reduced asthma exacerbation, but no significant effect on lung function

Qu’expérimente le cinéma expérimental ? Sur la notion d’expérimentation dans le cinéma d’avant-garde américain (1950-1970)

Pratique multiforme dont le point central est peut-être de refuser les assignations génériques, le cinéma que l’on dit expérimental souffre d’un trouble de définition. Qu’expérimente-on au juste dans le cinéma expérimental ? Est-ce un médium, une forme, un programme d’action, un type de réception ? Pris entre la tentation d’un jeu purement formel ou conceptuel, et la valeur politique d’un cinéma indépendant, entre expérimentations plastiques et provocation à l’encontre d’un système dominant de représentations, l’expérimental se pose toujours comme une exploration ardente, toujours renouvelée des moyens propres au cinéma. Notre article s’attache à tester les diverses modalités d’application du terme de cinéma expérimental, dans le contexte spécifique de la « renaissance » du cinéma underground aux États-Unis à partir des années 1950

Qu’expérimente le cinéma expérimental ? Sur la notion d’expérimentation dans le cinéma d’avant-garde américain (1950-1970)

Pratique multiforme dont le point central est peut-être de refuser les assignations génériques, le cinéma que l’on dit expérimental souffre d’un trouble de définition. Qu’expérimente-on au juste dans le cinéma expérimental ? Est-ce un médium, une forme, un programme d’action, un type de réception ? Pris entre la tentation d’un jeu purement formel ou conceptuel, et la valeur politique d’un cinéma indépendant, entre expérimentations plastiques et provocation à l’encontre d’un système dominant de représentations, l’expérimental se pose toujours comme une exploration ardente, toujours renouvelée des moyens propres au cinéma. Notre article s’attache à tester les diverses modalités d’application du terme de cinéma expérimental, dans le contexte spécifique de la « renaissance » du cinéma underground aux États-Unis à partir des années 1950

L’art du conteur d’après Albert Lord

Le travail du philologue américain Albert Bates Lord (1912-1991), qui poursuit celui de Milman Parry (1902-1935), est à l’origine de ce que l’on a appelé la « théorie formulaire » (oral-formulaic theory). L’ouvrage de référence d’Albert Lord, The Singer of Tales (1960), défend l’idée de la composition orale de certains grands textes telles les épopées homériques, en s’appuyant sur une étude de terrain portant sur des bardes du sud de l’ex-Yougoslavie. Parry, dont Lord fut l’assistant, est un ..

Cirrip\ue8des acrothoraciques des c\uf4tes occidentales de la M\ue9diterran\ue9e et de l\u27Afrique du Nord III. Lithoglyptidae et Trypetesidae

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