3,383 research outputs found
Degradation of a quantum reference frame
We investigate the degradation of reference frames, treated as dynamical
quantum systems, and quantify their longevity as a resource for performing
tasks in quantum information processing. We adopt an operational measure of a
reference frame's longevity, namely, the number of measurements that can be
made against it with a certain error tolerance. We investigate two distinct
types of reference frame: a reference direction, realized by a spin-j system,
and a phase reference, realized by an oscillator mode with bounded energy. For
both cases, we show that our measure of longevity increases quadratically with
the size of the reference system and is therefore non-additive. For instance,
the number of measurements that a directional reference frame consisting of N
parallel spins can be put to use scales as N^2. Our results quantify the extent
to which microscopic or mesoscopic reference frames may be used for repeated,
high-precision measurements, without needing to be reset - a question that is
important for some implementations of quantum computing. We illustrate our
results using the proposed single-spin measurement scheme of magnetic resonance
force microscopy.Comment: 9 pages plus appendices, 4 figures, published versio
Cutaneous Angiosarcoma of the Scalp: A Case Report of Sustained Complete Response Following Liposomal Doxorubicin and Radiation Therapy
Cutaneous angiosarcomas of the head and neck are aggressive cancers with a mean overall survival of 30 months. We add to the literature a case report of a 65-year-old man with a large, >10 cm, unresectable, angiosarcoma of the scalp who was treated with two cycles of liposomal doxorubicin (Caelyx®) followed by electron beam radiation therapy (30 Gy in 10 fractions over 2 weeks) who has sustained a complete response with a 4-year follow-up. The dose and fractionation of
the radiation therapy in this case was palliative and was not expected to give lasting local control of this lesion. It is therefore possible that either the genetic profile of the tumour conferred radiosensitivity or that the radiation therapy induced a recall phenomenon of the liposomal doxorubicin
Probing Unstable Massive Neutrinos with Current Cosmic Microwave Background Observations
The pattern of anisotropies in the Cosmic Microwave Background depends upon
the masses and lifetimes of the three neutrino species. A neutrino species of
mass greater than 10 eV with lifetime between 10^{13} sec and 10^{17} sec
leaves a very distinct signature (due to the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect):
the anisotropies at large angles are predicted to be comparable to those on
degree scales. Present data exclude such a possibility and hence this region of
parameter space. For eV, sec, we find
an interesting possibility: the Integrated Sachs Wolfe peak produced by the
decaying neutrino in low- models mimics the acoustic peak expected in
an model.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Quantum communication using a bounded-size quantum reference frame
Typical quantum communication schemes are such that to achieve perfect
decoding the receiver must share a reference frame with the sender. Indeed, if
the receiver only possesses a bounded-size quantum token of the sender's
reference frame, then the decoding is imperfect, and we can describe this
effect as a noisy quantum channel. We seek here to characterize the performance
of such schemes, or equivalently, to determine the effective decoherence
induced by having a bounded-size reference frame. We assume that the token is
prepared in a special state that has particularly nice group-theoretic
properties and that is near-optimal for transmitting information about the
sender's frame. We present a decoding operation, which can be proven to be
near-optimal in this case, and we demonstrate that there are two distinct ways
of implementing it (corresponding to two distinct Kraus decompositions). In
one, the receiver measures the orientation of the reference frame token and
reorients the system appropriately. In the other, the receiver extracts the
encoded information from the virtual subsystems that describe the relational
degrees of freedom of the system and token. Finally, we provide explicit
characterizations of these decoding schemes when the system is a single qubit
and for three standard kinds of reference frame: a phase reference, a Cartesian
frame (representing an orthogonal triad of spatial directions), and a reference
direction (representing a single spatial direction).Comment: 17 pages, 1 figure, comments welcome; v2 published versio
DRI Renewable Energy Center (REC) (NV)
The primary objective of this project was to utilize a flexible, energy-efficient facility, called the DRI Renewable Energy Experimental Facility (REEF) to support various renewable energy research and development (R&D) efforts, along with education and outreach activities. The REEF itself consists of two separate buildings: (1) a 1200-ft2 off-grid capable house and (2) a 600-ft2 workshop/garage to support larger-scale experimental work. Numerous enhancements were made to DRI's existing renewable power generation systems, and several additional components were incorporated to support operation of the REEF House. The power demands of this house are satisfied by integrating and controlling PV arrays, solar thermal systems, wind turbines, an electrolyzer for renewable hydrogen production, a gaseous-fuel internal combustion engine/generator set, and other components. Cooling needs of the REEF House are satisfied by an absorption chiller, driven by solar thermal collectors. The REEF Workshop includes a unique, solar air collector system that is integrated into the roof structure. This system provides space heating inside the Workshop, as well as a hot water supply. The Workshop houses a custom-designed process development unit (PDU) that is used to convert woody biomass into a friable, hydrophobic char that has physical and chemical properties similar to low grade coal. Besides providing sufficient space for operation of this PDU, the REEF Workshop supplies hot water that is used in the biomass treatment process. The DRI-REEF serves as a working laboratory for evaluating and optimizing the performance of renewable energy components within an integrated, residential-like setting. The modular nature of the system allows for exploring alternative configurations and control strategies. This experimental test bed is also highly valuable as an education and outreach tool both in providing an infrastructure for student research projects, and in highlighting renewable energy features to the public
Neural activity during a simple reaching task in macaques is counter to gating and rebound in basal ganglia–thalamic communication
Task-related activity in the ventral thalamus, a major target of basal ganglia output, is often assumed to be permitted or triggered by changes in basal ganglia activity through gating- or rebound-like mechanisms. To test those hypotheses, we sampled single-unit activity from connected basal ganglia output and thalamic nuclei (globus pallidus-internus [GPi] and ventrolateral anterior nucleus [VLa]) in monkeys performing a reaching task. Rate increases were the most common peri-movement change in both nuclei. Moreover, peri-movement changes generally began earlier in VLa than in GPi. Simultaneously recorded GPi-VLa pairs rarely showed short-time-scale spike-to-spike correlations or slow across-trials covariations, and both were equally positive and negative. Finally, spontaneous GPi bursts and pauses were both followed by small, slow reductions in VLa rate. These results appear incompatible with standard gating and rebound models. Still, gating or rebound may be possible in other physiological situations: simulations show how GPi-VLa communication can scale with GPi synchrony and GPi-to-VLa convergence, illuminating how synchrony of basal ganglia output during motor learning or in pathological conditions may render this pathway effective. Thus, in the healthy state, basal ganglia-thalamic communication during learned movement is more subtle than expected, with changes in firing rates possibly being dominated by a common external source
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