4,856 research outputs found
Catholics in a changing Scotland: the Archdiocese of St Andrews and Edinburgh, 1878-1965
Between 1878 and 1965, the Catholic Church in Scotland changed from a small,
reclusive and relatively unassertive community to become a force to be reckoned with in
social and political terms. The thesis (the first to be based on a thorough examination of the
episcopal correspondence of St Andrews and Edinburgh 1878-1965 held in the Scottish
Catholic Archives, Edinburgh), argues that this change was caused by the combination of
two momentous but unexpected and unconnected events in the 1850s and after — first, the
arrival in Scotland of large numbers of economic migrants from Ireland (most of them
Catholics) and second, the conversion (through the influence of John Henry Newman) of
influential members of the Scottish aristocracy. The former were mainly confined to what is
today the geographically small but very densely populated province of Glasgow, the latter, to
the geographically more extensive province of St Andrews and Edinburgh, where Irish
migrants, much fewer in numbers, integrated more successfully. While Irish migration has
been extensively studied by scholars, the conversion of the aristocracy has, with some
notable exceptions, remained unappreciated. The thesis contends that it was principally the
simultaneous impact of these two phenomena which accounted for the development of the
Catholic community in modern Scotland; that it was not only the critical mass of migrants
which gave the Catholic Church political leverage but also the networking skills and the
funds ofthe convert elites. Other changes in the Catholic Church were subsumed into this
larger picture: the role of the clergy was transformed from a pastoral one in 1886 to a
combative one in the 1930s and 1940s, while at the same time shifting vis-a-vis the laity
(who were themselves moving from subjugation to co-responsibility). The thesis, however,
deals not only with the secular clergy but also with the activities of religious orders — the
important national provincial Council of Fort Augustus (1886), for example, and the
consecration in 1929 of the dynamic Benedictine Abbot Andrew J. McDonald as Archbishop
of St Andrews and Edinburgh. By 1918, the virtual collapse of the Catholic school system
played into the hands of the government; the resulting financial compromise was mutually
beneficial but its price (while it affirmed the Catholic community by providing the
educational tools for better employment opportunities), was the loss of autonomy and
control. After a series of financial scandals in the 1880s and other examples of
mismanagement in the first two decades of the twentieth century, episcopal and parish
finances gradually recovered as stricter safeguards were imposed. Between the first and
second Vatican Councils a sea-change is visible, not only in the relationship between pope
and bishop but also between clergy and laity. The pressure of social and political events
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gradually transformed the hierarchical pyramid that was the Catholic Church of 1878 into
the more egalitarian model of the People of God as embraced in 1965 by the Second Vatican
Council
Horizontal studies of cell mediated immune reactions to autologous tumour antigens in patients with operable mammary carcinoma.
The leucocyte migration and guinea-pig macrophage migration procedures were used to assess cell mediated, tumour directed immune reactions in patients with mammary carcinoma undergoing simple mastectomy with or without post-operative irradiation. Forty-seven per cent of patients reacted to autologous tumour antigens and 40% to allogeneic antigens when tested 7 days after operation; 23% reacted to autologous antigens at 2 months, 19% at 6 months and 34% at 1 year after surgery. Reactions to benign tissue fractions were rare. Better discrimination between test and control subjects was obtained when 3000 g sediments rather than nuclei-depleted homogenates (extracts) were used. Irradiation 3-7 weeks post-operatively did not depress the in vitro response at 2 months and yielded a higher rate of positive reactions at 6 months. Correlations of serial LMT responses with certain clinical findings are discussed
Fungal infections increase the mortality rate three-fold in necrotizing soft-tissue infections
Phase diagrams of correlated electrons: systematic corrections to the mean field theory
Perturbative corrections to the mean field theory for particle-hole
instabilities of interacting electron systems are computed within a scheme
which is equivalent to the recently developed variational approach to the
Kohn-Luttinger superconductivity. This enables an unbiased comparison of
particle-particle and particle-hole instabilities within the same approximation
scheme. A spin-rotation invariant formulation for the particle-hole
instabilities in the triplet channel is developed. The method is applied to the
phase diagram of the t-t' Hubbard model on the square lattice. At the Van Hove
density, antiferromagnetic and d-wave Pomeranchuk phases are found to be stable
close to half filling. However, the latter phase is confined to an extremely
narrow interval of densities and away from the singular filling, d-wave
superconducting instability dominates
A Model of Tuberculosis Screening for Pregnant Women in Resource-Limited Settings Using Xpert MTB/RIF
Timely diagnosis and treatment of maternal tuberculosis (TB) is important to reduce morbidity and mortality for both the mother and child, particularly in women who are coinfected with HIV. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the integration of TB/HIV screening into antenatal services but available diagnostic tools are slow and insensitive, resulting in delays in treatment initiation. Recently the WHO endorsed Xpert MTB/RIF, a highly sensitive, real-time PCR assay for Mycobacterium tuberculosis that simultaneously detects rifampicin resistance directly from sputum and provides results within 100 minutes. We propose a model for same-day TB screening and diagnosis of all pregnant women at antenatal care using Xpert MTB/RIF. Pilot studies are urgently required to evaluate strategies for the integration of TB screening into antenatal clinics using new diagnostic technologies
A model of tuberculosis screening for pregnant women in resource-limited settings using Xpert MTB/RIF
Timely diagnosis and treatment of maternal tuberculosis (TB) is important to reduce morbidity and mortality for both the mother and child, particularly in women who are coinfected with HIV. TheWorld Health Organization (WHO) recommends the integration of TB/HIV screening into antenatal services but available diagnostic tools are slow and insensitive, resulting in delays in treatment initiation. Recently the WHO endorsed Xpert MTB/RIF, a highly sensitive, real-time PCR assay for Mycobacterium tuberculosis that simultaneously detects rifampicin resistance directly from sputum and provides results within 100 minutes. We propose a model for same-day TB screening and diagnosis of all pregnant women at antenatal care using Xpert MTB/RIF. Pilot studies are urgently required to evaluate strategies for the integration of TB screening into antenatal clinics using new diagnostic technologies
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