Relationship Between Production Characteristics and Proportion of Body Measurements of Holstein Cows

The objective of this study was to determine Holstein Cattle body measurements using digital imagingDIPM methods. The ratios were calculated by dividing each measurement by another and the relationship between the ratios and the output characteristics were evaluated. For this reason, the body measurements of the 198 heads of Holstein cattle breed dairy cows were calculated by the Set Object Video System (SOVS) process. The ratios were calculated by dividing each body measurement to another then the relationship between these ratios and the characteristics including the daily average milk yield (DAMY), the number of inseminations per calving (NIPC), the age at insemination (AFI) and the age at first calving (AFC) were evaluated. The relationship between DAMY, NIPC, AFI, AFC and body measurements were; withers height (WH), back height (BH), rump height (RH), pin bone height (PBH) ), chest depth (CD), body length (BL), trunk length (TL), body area (BA) and body perimeter (BP) was low, negative and not statistical significantly (p>0.05). The highest R-2 measured for DAMY by WH (0.389 (p<0.01), for NIPC by BA (0.344 (p<0.05)), for AFI by BP (0.266 (p<0.05)) and for AFC by BP (0.249 (p<0.05)) used in multiple regression equations. It can be stated that the use of DIPM is more convenient than TM for the body measurement of milking cows. The estimated power of regression equations for estimating milk and reproductive output, such as DAMY, NIPC, AFI and AFC, were low for Holstein cattle breeding cows.Tekirdag Namik Kemal University [NKUBAP.03.YL.18.141]This study was supported by Tekirdag Namik Kemal University Research Projects coordination unit with the project number: NKUBAP.03.YL.18.141. As a part of this long-term project, the MSc. thesis of Ersin Dama from Tekirdag Namik Kemal University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences

The Effects of Season and Lactation Number on the Composition and Quality Of Holstein Cattle Raw Milk

The aim of this study was to determine the Somatic Cell Count of raw milk which obtained from Holstein-Frisian dairy cow milk and determine the effects of season and lactation number on the composition and quality of raw milk. Milk samples were collected monthly during one year from 30 Holstein-Frisian dairy cow. The fresh milk samples were collected in 250 ml flasks and delivered to laboratory at a temperature of 4 degrees C cold chain and analyzed. The fat, protein, lactose, dry matter rate and Somatic Cell Count of raw milk samples were automatically performed with Bentley Merkim Nexgen Series Model 1 device. While no significant differences were found in % fat, % protein, % dry matter and average daily milk according to lactation number (p>0.05), The differences determined in %lactose and SCC (p<0.01) were significant. The highest SCC content of raw milk was observed in the 4th lactation (928.30 +/- 117.93) and lowest in 1st lactation (356.47 +/- 50.55). According to the seasons the SCC observed from highest to lowest were in winter 1003.88 +/- 83.53, in spring 877.63 +/- 97.43, in autumn 575.81 +/- 63.97 and in summer 212.36 +/- 17.94. Negative correlation coefficients observed between SCC and daily milk yield of all lactations, however the correlation coefficient in first lactation was not significant different from 0. The study indicated, that were negative relationships between SCC and daily milk yield, except in first lactation and summer. It has been observed that all groups of SCC are above the threshold value specified in the Turkish Food Codex Raw Milk notification, except 1st lactation and the summer

Fertility Traits of Holstein Cows Raised at Sarımsaklı State Farm

Araştırma, Sarımsaklı Tarım İşletmesinde yetiştirilen Siyah Alaca sığırların bazı döl verim özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın materyalini bu işletmede yetiştirilen 764 baş Siyah Alaca ineğin 1983-2003 yılları arasındaki döl verim kayıtları oluşturmuştur. Yılın, İlkine Damızlıkta Kullanma Yaşı(İDKY), İlk Buzağılama Yaşı(İBY) ve Buzağılama Aralığı(BA) üzerine etkisi önemli bulunmuştur(P0.05). Laktasyon Sırası (LS) ve İBY’ nın BA üzerine etkisi önemsiz bulunmuştur(P>0.05). İlkine Damızlıkta Kullanma Yaşı (İDKY)’ nın İBY üzerine etkisi önemli bulunmuştur(P0,05). Effects of Lactation Length (LL) and FCA on CI was not significant(P>0.05). Effect of FBA on FCA was significant(P<0,01). Overall means for FBA, FCA and CI were found as; 18,98 ± 2,73 month, 28,15 ± 2,50 month and 407,07 ± 78,59 day, respectively

The Morphometrıc Characterızatıon of Anatolıan Water Buffalo Accordıng to Body Measurements

Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de yetiştirilen Anadolu mandalarının vücut ölçülerine göre morfometrik karakterizasyonunun yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma Afyon, Çorum, Tokat, Balıkesir, Samsun, Sakarya illerinde bulunan 793 baş manda üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada cinsiyet, yaş ve iller dikkate alınarak hayvanların 11 farklı vücut ölçüsü alınmıştır. Alınan vücut ölçülerine göre hayvanların morfometrik tanımlamasının yapılmasına çalışılmıştır. Buna göre dört yaş ve üzeri dişi mandaların cidago yüksekliği, sağrı yüksekliği, vücut uzunluğu ve göğüs çevresi ölçüleri sırasıyla 137.3±0.6, 132.9±0.6, 135.4±0.8 ve 201.3±1.4 cm olmuştur. Benzer şekilde üç yaşlı erkek mandaların cidago yüksekliği, sağrı yüksekliği, vücut uzunluğu ve göğüs çevresi ölçüleri ise sırasıyla 131.6±0.6, 129.9±1.5, 111.2±2.9 ve 174.7±4.9 cm olarak ölçülmüştür. Çalışmada cinsiyet ve yaş faktörünün tüm vücut ölçüleri üzerine etkisi önemli bulunmuşken (P<0.01). Aynı zamanda iller arasında da çeşitli vücut ölçüleri ortalamaları bakımından anlamlı faklılıklar görülmüştür (P<0.05).This research was aimed to determine morphometric characterization according to body measurement of water buffalo in Turkey. This study was done Afyon, Çorum, Tokat, Balıkesir, Samsun and Sakarya province. Total 793 water buffalo were used study and all animals were grouped by gender, age and province. Eleven body measurements were taken from all animals. Morphometric characterization was done based on these measurements for all animals. Withers height, rump height, body length and chest circumference were measured 137.3±0.6, 132.9±0.6, 135.4±0.8 and 201.3±1.4 cm respectively for four years and older female animal. Similarly the same measurements of body were measured 131.6±0.6, 129.9±1.5, and 111.2±2.9 and 174.7±4.9 cm respectively for three years male animal. Gender ad age factor were found statistically important for all body measurements (P<0.01). Furthermore, there were detected some important different according to province for some body measurements (P<0.05)

SİYAH ALACA SÜT SIĞIRLARINDA RENK (SİYAH-BEYAZ) DAĞILIMININ SÜT VERİMİ VE BAZI DÖL VERİM ÖZELLİKLERİ İLE OLAN İLİŞKİSİNİN BELİRLENMESİ

Çalışmada, Siyah Alaca Süt Sığırlarında Renk (Siyah-Beyaz) Dağılımının Süt Verimi Ve Bazı Döl Verim Özellikleri İle Olan İlişkisinin Belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Tekirdağ’da yer alan bir işletmede yetiştiriciliği yapılmakta olan bir ve ikinci laktasyonunu tamamlamış 61 adet Siyah Alaca süt sığırlarının görüntü, döl ve süt verim kayıtları değerlendirilmiştir. Döl verim özelliklerinden ilk tohumlama yaşı (İTY), ilkine buzağılama yaşı (İBY), buzağılama aralığı (BA), servis periyodu (SP) ve gebelik başına tohumlama sayısı (GBTS) üzerinde durulmuştur. Süt verim özelliklerinden laktasyon süresi (LS), laktasyon süt verimi (LV), 305 gün süt verimi (305 GSV) ve kuruda kalma süresi (KKS) üzerinde durulmuştur. Söz konusu özelliklere etki ettiği düşünülen laktasyon sırası ve renk(%) dağılımının etkisi araştırılmıştır. Döl verim özelliklerine İTY, İBY, SP, BA ve GBTS ilişkin tanıtıcı istatistikler sırasıyla 15,58±0,36; 24,56±0,38; 94,43±2,61; 433,31±10,35 ve 2,47±0,09 olarak bulunmuştur. Süt verim özelliklerine LS, KKS, LV ve 305 GSV ilişkin tanıtıcı istatistikler sırasıyla 362,07±9,81; 61,09±0,61; 11190,78±233,67 ve 9816,03±159,35 olarak bulunmuştur. Üreme (döl) verim ve süt verim özellikleri üzerine çevresel faktörlerin laktasyon Sırası ve renk (%) dağılımının (İTY, İBY ve BA) üzerine etkileri istatistiki olarak önemsiz bulunmuştur(p>0,05). SP ve GBTS üzerine etkisi istatistiki olarak oldukça önemli bulunmuştur (p0.05). Effects on ODP and IPP were defined quite statistically significant different (p<0.01; p<0.05). Except to effect of lactation order (LO), it was defined quite statistically significant different on DP, LL and 305 LMY (p<0.01; p<0.05; p<0.10). Except on DP, effect of chromatic dispersion on to LO, LMY and 305 LMY were defined quite statistically significant different (p<0.01; p<0.05). Milk yield features have low level of participation denote that ambient condition sare highly effected to defined these features. Avarages which closet o ideal value defined that dairy cattle breeding in progress as conscious way in this farm. In the results of multiple regression analysis, 1% increase on white colour coused to approximately 580lt increase on 305 LMY. When we turned this result into daily milk yield, 1% increase white colour effect to 1.90 (lt/day) increase on milk yield. For this reason, we can say that because of the high heat tolerance, white colour can be directly located in animal improvement programme as a selection character

Siyah Alaca Süt Sığırlarında Vücut Ölçülerinin Birbirlerine Oranlarının Verim Özellikleri ile İlişkisi

The objective of this study was to determine Holstein Cattle body measurements using digital imagingDIPM methods. The ratios were calculated by dividing each measurement by another and the relationship between the ratios and the output characteristics were evaluated. For this reason, the body measurements of the 198 heads of Holstein cattle breed dairy cows were calculated by the Set Object Video System (SOVS) process. The ratios were calculated by dividing each body measurement to another then the relationship between these ratios and the characteristics including the daily average milk yield (DAMY), the number of inseminations per calving (NIPC), the age at insemination (AFI) and the age at first calving (AFC) were evaluated. The relationship between DAMY, NIPC, AFI, AFC and body measurements were; withers height (WH), back height (BH), rump height (RH), pin bone height (PBH) ), chest depth (CD), body length (BL), trunk length (TL), body area (BA) and body perimeter (BP) was low, negative and not statistical significantly (p>0.05). The highest R-2 measured for DAMY by WH (0.389 (p<0.01), for NIPC by BA (0.344 (p<0.05)), for AFI by BP (0.266 (p<0.05)) and for AFC by BP (0.249 (p<0.05)) used in multiple regression equations. It can be stated that the use of DIPM is more convenient than TM for the body measurement of milking cows. The estimated power of regression equations for estimating milk and reproductive output, such as DAMY, NIPC, AFI and AFC, were low for Holstein cattle breeding cows.Tekirdag Namik Kemal University [NKUBAP.03.YL.18.141]This study was supported by Tekirdag Namik Kemal University Research Projects coordination unit with the project number: NKUBAP.03.YL.18.141. As a part of this long-term project, the MSc. thesis of Ersin Dama from Tekirdag Namik Kemal University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences

Batı Anadolu eski ve yeni bal arısı örneklerinin kanat morfolojisi farklılaşmasının geometrik morfometri kullanılarak belirlenmesi]

In this study, old and recent honey bee, Apis mellifera L., 1758 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) specimens were compared using geometric morphometrics. The old honey bee samples were collected from different apiaries in Edirne, Balıkesir, Çanakkale, Denizli and Muğla Provinces, and Gökçeada (an Aegean island) in Turkey in 1987-1988 under a project of the Aegean Agricultural Research Institute and the recent samples were collected in the same locations in 2017. The mean values determined for each region were grouped using Mahalanobis distances, and the results were summarized on dendrogram. While the old samples constituted one group, the recent samples constituted another one. When the results of the discriminant function analysis were compared, it was observed that overall old and recent samples were statistically different from each other (P < 0.0001). The evaluation of both groups has revealed that the recent population of Gökçeada was different from morphologically the other mainland populations in the current situation. However, the Thrace (Edirne) honey bee specimens were different from the Anatolian (Çanakkale, Denizli, Balıkesir, Muğla) and island (Gökçeada) specimens in the past according to dendrogram relationships. © 2021 Entomological Society of Turkey. All rights reserved.TAGEM/HAYSÜD 15/06/01/02; Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı1 This study was supported by Republic of Turkey ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies (TAGEM), Ankara, Turkey, Grant Project No: TAGEM/HAYSÜD 15/06/01/02. 2 Apiculture Research Center, Aegean Agricultural Research Institute, 35661, Menemen, Izmir, Turkey 3 Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Ula Ali Koçman Vocational School, Department of Plant and Animal Breeding, Apiculture Program, 48640, Ula, Muğla, Turkey 4 Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Agriculture Faculty, Department of Animal Science, 59030, Tekirdağ, Turkey 5 Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies (TAGEM), 06800, Ankara, Turkey * Corresponding author (Sorumlu yazar) e-mail: [email protected] Received (Alınış): 13.08.2021 Accepted (Kabul ediliş): 09.12.2021 Published Online (Çevrimiçi Yayın Tarihi): 19.12.202

Anatolian water buffaloes husbandry in Turkey: preliminary results on somatic characterization

In Turkey most farmers keep 1-2 buffaloes for family consumption and this system is very widespread in villages while farms with around 100 heads are located near to the big cities. These two most common housing systems were used to contribute to the somatic characterization of Anatolian buffalo in the context of a wide typification programme of this buffalo aimed to improve its productive and reproductive potentiality in agreement with a sustainable development. 76 males and 127 females of the Istanbul district and 32 males and 70 females raised in Danamandra village of Silivri district were measured. On each buffalo, withers height, rump height, body length, chest depth and chest width were determined. The results showed a significant difference between males and females starting from 12 months in buffaloes of Danamandra village and from 3 years of age in animals of Istanbul district