The Effect of Erdene urel on Microglia / Macrophage Distribution and Inhibition of Inflammatory Response after Brain Ischemia in Rats

Objectives: We studied the effect of Erdene urel on microglia/macrophage M1/M2 distribution and neuroinflammation using a cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model in rats. Methods: The middle cerebral artery occluded by thread occlusion, followed by reperfusion at 90 minutes after ischemia. The injury was studied at 1, 3, and 7 days after brain ischemia, and the neurological score was graded, after that, the brain tissue was collected by decollation. The phenotypes of M1 and M2 were detected by Iba1 and Arg-1 immunofluorescence, and the expressions of (TNF-D), (IL-1E), (IL-6), and (IL-10) were detected by ELISA. Result: The immunofluorescence showed that compared with the sham-operated group, the microglia/ macrophage (Iba1) in the ischemic area of the control group’s rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion and to which reperfusion was performed for 1, 3 and 7 days was increased (p<.05) and the number of M2 (Arg-1) (p<.05) was reduced. One day after reperfusion, the Erdene urel and nimodipine groups did not differ from the control group. However, after 3 and 7 days, the microglia/macrophage (Iba1) (p<.05) in the ischemic area of Erdene urel and nimodipine groups was reduced, while M2 (Arg-1) (p<.05) was increased. Conclusion: Erdene urel is likely capable of promoting the transformation of activated microglia/macrophages from M1 to M2

Results of the Study for the Antihypertensive Effect in the Panzeria Alaschanica Kupr Plant

Objectives: To study the effect of the plant Panzeria alaschanica Kupr on lowering blood pressure. Methods: The experiment was performed using Sharon Leng Hong Ong (2009) using a male rat weighing 150 - 250 grams. On days 5, 8, 13, and 15 of the experiment, ECG, heart rate, and arterial pressure were measured in the rat’s tail with a Neurobotic systole 1.2 instruments. At the end of the experiment, the content of renin, angiotensin II and aldosterone were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: According to the results of the study, the experimental group of plant Panzeria alaschanica Kupr ingested a dose of 160 mg/kg of renin 36.8 % compared with the control group that caused the pathological model, the amount of aldosterone in animals plant Panzeria alaschanica Kupr who ingested a dose of 32 mg/kg were 43.5 % of the ingested animals compared with the pathogenic group, the amount of angiotensin II in the plant Panzeria alaschanica Kupr was 64 mg/kg animals that ingested in, was reduced by a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) of 34.3 % compared with the control group generated by the pathological model. Conclusion: Panzeria alaschanica Kupr has a 36.8 % reduced blood pressure by affecting the renin, angiotensin, and aldosterone systems

The Effect of Panzeria Alaschanica Kupr. on Carrageenan-Induced Acute Inflammation in Rats

Objectives: In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of Panzeria alaschanica Kupr. (P. alaschanica) on carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in rats. Method: Carrageenan-induced rat paw edema was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity. P. alaschanica extract (32, 64, and 160 mg/kg/ BW) or vehicle was given orally 60 minutes before the subplantar injection of carrageenan. Ibuprofen (100 mg/kg) was used as a standard drug. The carrageenan-injected paw was measured 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 minutes after the carrageenan injection. The levels of serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-ELISA measured 1β, and IL-6. Results: The P. alaschanica at all given doses significantly (p˂0.01) inhibited carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. Moreover, it significantly reduced TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 serum levels at different doses (p˂0.01). The anti-inflammatory effect of P. alaschanica was comparable to ibuprofen. Conclusion: P. alaschanica has an anti-inflammatory impact on carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. The mechanism of action may partly be via reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6