The Positions of Russia and Croatia Shipbuilding Products on World Markets and Prospects of Co-Operation (Analytical Overview)

Both Russia and Croatia are the great seafaring nations with glorious past, complicated present and, hopefully, a rewarding future. The countries that historically had long sea borders are almost destined to become the global shipbuilding centres. Since the ancient times, the marine shipping routes have connected the most distant nations, countries and entire continents through trade and economic relations. At the same time, the high seas were also a place for the constant battles between the fleets of the major seafaring nations. Thus, both civil and naval shipbuilding was and will always be of utmost importance for any country with a sea access. The product of this industry stays in demand at any time and under any circumstances – both during the periods of growth and the times of crises. The shipbuilding is subject to the same kind of difficulties as the economy as a whole, but due to the technological specifics of this industry it has some additional specific problems. This article deals with the comparative analysis of the recent and current state of the shipbuilding industries of Croatia and Russia. We tried to find out the problems that are similar for the shipbuilding industries of both countries, as well as their national particularities. The main difficulty for the comparative analysis was the fact that while the major part of the Croatian shipbuilding is civil, the Russian industry is predominantly naval. However, it does not preclude the existence of common problems, for the research of which the comparative analysis could be a useful tool

Assessment of Competitiveness of Shipbuilding Industry in Russia

Russia has a rich centuries-old tradition of naval and civilian shipbuilding. Upon the end of the ideological confrontation, the competition of the main sea-faring nations of the world took on the new and at the same time – more traditional form for the market economy. The global economic crisis and the decrease of the freight traffic, including the sea freight, led to the exacerbation of the competitive struggle in this market. Whereas the Naval Engineering and Armament (NEA) in Russia are at a very high level, which is proved by the position Russia holds within the global markets of this kind of production, the civilian shipbuilding is not only unable to compete in the global market, but even barely present on the domestic one. The future of the civilian shipbuilding is in such promising niches as the development of the equipment for the exploration of the Arctic oil fields, the iceboats for the maintenance of the Northern Sea Route, and the sea- and river-going vessels for the domestic operations. In this article, the authors analyse the current state policy in regards of both civilian and naval shipbuilding, the position of Russia in the global market of the NEA, assess the current state of this industry and the competitive potential of the Russian Federation, reveal the problems and consider the prospects for the development. The analysis is based on the rich factual material and the available statistical data. The careful study and its results allowed the authors to come to the certain conclusions and to provide advice for the improvement of the state policy in regards to the shipbuilding

Metal-ion induced FRET in macrocyclic dynamic tweezers

International audienceAbstract We report here about effective FRET process (73-99%) in mono-Mg2+ complexes of symmetrical crown ether bis(styryl) dyes. The FRET process has not been observed in the free state and in binuclear complexes. The formation of mononuclear complex provides two styrylic fragments with appropriate positions of absorption and emission bands for FRET. The other important parameter for FRET is the proper geometric orientation of both chromophores, which attain sandwich conformation with close positioning of complexed and free styryl fragments induced by ion-modulated geometry reorganization of the bis-dye

Simple, Highly Efficient Vacuum-Processed Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells Based on Merocyanine Dyes

In order to be competitive on the energy market, organic solar cells with higher efficiency are needed. To date, polymer solar cells have retained the lead with efficiencies of up to 8%. However, research on small molecule solar cells has been catching up throughout recent years and is showing similar efficiencies, however, only for more sophisticated multilayer device configurations. In this work, a simple, highly efficient, vacuum-processed small molecule solar cell based on merocyanine dyes - traditional colorants that can easily be mass-produced and purified - is presented. In the past, merocyanines have been successfully introduced in solution-processed as well as vacuum-processed devices, demonstrating efficiencies up to 4.9%. Here, further optimization of devices is achieved while keeping the same simple layer stack, ultimately leading to efficiencies beyond the 6% mark. In addition, physical properties such as the charge carrier transport and the cell performance under various light intensities are addressed