Concept of Modular, Self-Supporting Cable for Powering the Hovering Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

Hovering unmanned aerial vehicles or drones can function as distant platforms for mounted sensors, as signal transceivers, or for other purposes. However, they must be tethered. The tether functions as a power cable that connects a tethered drone with a ground power unit. In this article, we developed a concept in which a power cable is of modular structure, consisting of mutually identical modules. Each module has motorised propellers and is capable of preserving itself in a given, hovering position. We formulated an equation for electric current that, for a given set of parameters, makes hovering of a drone with such a modular cable possible. The developed concept does not show significant improvement in maximum height reached by the drone. The underlying causes are extracted from a set of assumptions that define the concept

Uređaj za praćenje parametara rada zrakoplovnog klipnog motora

Cilj ovog završnog rada je izraditi pregled praćenja parametara zrakoplovnih motora i novih metoda koje je moguće uvesti instalacijom jedinstvenog sustava za praćenje radnih parametara motora. Drugo poglavlje fokusira se na same parametre koji se prate i njihovu važnost tijekom i nakon eksploatacije. Treće poglavlje prolazi kroz najvažnije instrumente koji se koriste za praćenje parametara rada motora, objašnjavajući ukratko njihov način rada. U četvrtom poglavlju objašnjen je koncept uređaja i kratki opis stanja tržišta uređaja za praćenje rada motora, uz pogled na neke karakteristične primjere takvih uređaja odabranih proizvođača. Peto poglavlje bavi se regulatornim zahtjevima koji se postavljaju novim korisnicima i odgovara na pitanje kako korištenje opisanih uređaja utječe na kontinuiranu plovidbenost zrakoplova. Šesto poglavlje fokusira se na jedan odabrani uređaj i pokriva upute za ugradnju pripadajućih senzora. Sedmo poglavlje daje uvid u tip i obradu podataka dobivenih tijekom eksploatacije uporabom odabranog uređaja. Opisan je postupak prikupljanja podataka i mogućnosti koje pruža pravilna obrada istih

Device for piston engine parameter monitoring

Cilj ovog završnog rada je izraditi pregled praćenja parametara zrakoplovnih motora i novih metoda koje je moguće uvesti instalacijom jedinstvenog sustava za praćenje radnih parametara motora. Drugo poglavlje fokusira se na same parametre koji se prate i njihovu važnost tijekom i nakon eksploatacije. Treće poglavlje prolazi kroz najvažnije instrumente koji se koriste za praćenje parametara rada motora, objašnjavajući ukratko njihov način rada. U četvrtom poglavlju objašnjen je koncept uređaja i kratki opis stanja tržišta uređaja za praćenje rada motora, uz pogled na neke karakteristične primjere takvih uređaja odabranih proizvođača. Peto poglavlje bavi se regulatornim zahtjevima koji se postavljaju novim korisnicima i odgovara na pitanje kako korištenje opisanih uređaja utječe na kontinuiranu plovidbenost zrakoplova. Šesto poglavlje fokusira se na jedan odabrani uređaj i pokriva upute za ugradnju pripadajućih senzora. Sedmo poglavlje daje uvid u tip i obradu podataka dobivenih tijekom eksploatacije uporabom odabranog uređaja. Opisan je postupak prikupljanja podataka i mogućnosti koje pruža pravilna obrada istih.The purpose of this thesis is to form an overview on the current state of aircraft engine parameter tracking and the new methods that can be introduced by installing a unified engine parameter monitoring system. The second chapter focuses on the tracked parameters themselves and their importance during and after exploitation. The third chapter demonstrates the most important engine instruments, briefly illustrating their method of operation. The fourth chapter offers a concept of a device and a short description of the engine parameter monitoring device market, with a glimpse at some characteristic examples of devices by chosen manufacturers. The fifth chapter deals with regulatory demands required of new users and answers the question how the installation of these devices affects the continued airworthiness of an aircraft. The sixth chapter focuses on one chose device and covers instructions for installation of related probes. The seventh chapter gives insight into the type and processing of data collected during exploitation by use of said device. The data gathering procedure is described, alongside the possibilities offered by the correct handling of said data

Artificial situational awareness assessment of a novel ATC support system

This paper presents the application of an existing situational awareness framework to a newly developed artificial intelligence system to determine its awareness level. The system incorporates diverse automation techniques - knowledge graph, expert rules, machine learning - for gaining situational awareness and applying it in the field of air traffic control. Since the system was developed to serve as a foundation for exploring automation and artificial situational awareness, the primary result of this work is the system’s overall awareness level assessment and the identification of sub-systems that may be improved for additional awareness. The framework used was chosen in the fundamental project documents and its use proved beneficial as it enabled the demonstration of how general guidelines can be interpreted for a specific system. It also informed possible routes for improvement of the process. Highest priority awareness-related improvements are those dealing with robustness, whose implementation would substantiate the current awareness assessment. The system is shown to be on the highest awareness level conditionally, considering its proof-of-concept level. The high level reached by the system is contingent on awareness concept and condition interpretations. With the appropriate assessment of the system, implementation in an operational environment is more feasible

Novel artificial situational awareness system is comparable with human situational awareness in the en-route air traffic control domain

This paper is part of the AISA project, which has received funding from the SESAR Joint Undertaking under grant agreement No 892618 under European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program. Further information: - https://aisa-project.eu/dissemination.php - https://aisa-project.eu/downloads/AISA_D5.2.pdfAISA project introduces human-machine distributed situational awareness (SA) in en-route air traffic control. This paper is a result of the project's preliminary study. As a part of the project, a comparison between artificial and human situational awareness is performed. To investigate if the artificial SA could undistractedly monitor traffic, air traffic controller (ATCO) tasks are defined within Knowledge Graph (KG) system. KG system serves as a database with the ability to define relationships between data points. Human-in-the-loop simulations were performed to acquire needed data. ATCOs conducted different traffic scenarios which were later analysed and assessed regarding SA indicators defined in the paper. Tasks defined within the KG-based system can produce artificial SA that can successfully identify and complement all human SA degradation occurrences, contributing to Team SA. Therefore, defined tasks are sufficient to apply to the traffic data and to produce adequate machine SA

Deliverable 5.2 : report on human-machine distributed situation awareness

This report presents the results of two simulation experiments performed with an AI-based situation awareness system (AI SA system) developed in the AISA project to check the accuracy of the AI SA system’s estimations and predictions and its capability to contribute to human-machine team situation awareness. It represents the AISA project deliverable 5.2 Report on Human-Machine Distributed Situation Awareness and contains four topical sections – described below – that address requirements to fulfil the project tasks 5.1 Comparison of SA between AI and ATCO and task 5.3 Human performance in distributed SA. The task 5.2 Risk assessment of AISA is covered in a separate deliverable D5.1 Risk assessment report. • Topical section 1: Measurement of ATCO situation awareness and scanning behaviour • Topical section 2: Comparison of human and machine situation awareness • Topical section 3: Exploration of human-machine team situation awareness and its impact on human performance • Topical section 4: Accuracy of AI SA system’s estimations and predictions and its level of situation awareness Two simulations were conducted with licensed Air Traffic Controllers working as radar executive. Situation awareness was assessed with multiple methods. The probe technique was applied to compare compare human and artificial situation awareness. ATCOs’ experience with AI-based machine situation awareness (receiving “AI SA inputs”) and its impact on performance were explored. Post hoc simulations with data collected in experiment 1 were conducted to assess the accuracy of AI SA systems’ estimations and predictions. Main findings per topical section are: 1. ATCOs with preserved situation awareness have characteristic scanning behaviour: Their gaze is less fixed on aircraft or conflicts, and they filter out more effectively non-critical information than ATCOs with degraded situation awareness do. 2. Partial agreement of human and machine situation awareness on conflict detection. Both human and AI SA system missed conflicts (false negative) and named conflicts that were not present (false positive). The AI SA system is better at monitoring non-obvious/unexpected aspects (e.g., non-conformances). 3. ATCOs detected some conflicts earlier and solved them faster when they received AI SA inputs compared to working without AI SA inputs. Input modality (oral messages) was inadequate due to distraction and additional workload. 4. Successful automation of 46 out of 57 en-route air traffic monitoring tasks. Accuracy of Machine Learning module predictions for CD tested (70%): Partly results were inaccurate, and predictions were partly inconsistent. Plausibility checks on CD module’s inputs and outputs were successful. Limitations reduce the validity of situation awareness measurement for ATCOs (use of an unfamiliar simulation tool), the significance of the results (exploration of human-machine team situation awareness was done with early-stage implementation of the AI SA system and with inadequate design of HMI inducing additional workload on ATCOs). The results generally support the proof-of-concept system of the AISA project in its ability to accomplish en-route air traffic management tasks. Further improvement of accuracy is needed for machine learning modules. Accuracy per se is not sufficient, considerable effort needs to be spent on solutions on how to integrate machine situation awareness. A long anticipation span is desirable for optimisation but does not comply with ATCOs’ need for prioritization of tasks and information. The HMI of the future AI SA system will need distinctive ways of informing ATCOs about aspects of higher or lower urgency. Half of the participating ATCOs were willing to trust future AI-based tools – even after partially unfavourable experiences with an AI-based SA system in the experiment, about one third is neutral and a fifth is negative about including AI in tools

Device for piston engine parameter monitoring

Cilj ovog završnog rada je izraditi pregled praćenja parametara zrakoplovnih motora i novih metoda koje je moguće uvesti instalacijom jedinstvenog sustava za praćenje radnih parametara motora. Drugo poglavlje fokusira se na same parametre koji se prate i njihovu važnost tijekom i nakon eksploatacije. Treće poglavlje prolazi kroz najvažnije instrumente koji se koriste za praćenje parametara rada motora, objašnjavajući ukratko njihov način rada. U četvrtom poglavlju objašnjen je koncept uređaja i kratki opis stanja tržišta uređaja za praćenje rada motora, uz pogled na neke karakteristične primjere takvih uređaja odabranih proizvođača. Peto poglavlje bavi se regulatornim zahtjevima koji se postavljaju novim korisnicima i odgovara na pitanje kako korištenje opisanih uređaja utječe na kontinuiranu plovidbenost zrakoplova. Šesto poglavlje fokusira se na jedan odabrani uređaj i pokriva upute za ugradnju pripadajućih senzora. Sedmo poglavlje daje uvid u tip i obradu podataka dobivenih tijekom eksploatacije uporabom odabranog uređaja. Opisan je postupak prikupljanja podataka i mogućnosti koje pruža pravilna obrada istih.The purpose of this thesis is to form an overview on the current state of aircraft engine parameter tracking and the new methods that can be introduced by installing a unified engine parameter monitoring system. The second chapter focuses on the tracked parameters themselves and their importance during and after exploitation. The third chapter demonstrates the most important engine instruments, briefly illustrating their method of operation. The fourth chapter offers a concept of a device and a short description of the engine parameter monitoring device market, with a glimpse at some characteristic examples of devices by chosen manufacturers. The fifth chapter deals with regulatory demands required of new users and answers the question how the installation of these devices affects the continued airworthiness of an aircraft. The sixth chapter focuses on one chose device and covers instructions for installation of related probes. The seventh chapter gives insight into the type and processing of data collected during exploitation by use of said device. The data gathering procedure is described, alongside the possibilities offered by the correct handling of said data

A concept of modularly tethered unmanned aerial vehicle

Razvoj vezanih sustava multi-rotorskih bespilotnih letjelica relativno je nov korak u njihovoj evoluciji. Dosad pružena rješenja ograničena su cijenom i primjenom na malen spektar multi-rotorskih bespilotnih letjelica, što ograničava potencijal cjelokupnog sustava. U ovom diplomskom radu naglasak je na promatranju različitih rješenja koja bi proširila primjenu sustava prijenosa energije na stacionarnu bespilotnu letjelicu. Učinjena je raščlamba i analiza dijelova sustava, promotrene su njihove realne izvedbe, a naposljetku je postavljena općenita jednadžba sustava. Sustav koji se sastoji od većeg broja bespilotnih multi-rotorskih letjelica, zemaljske jedinice i energetskog električnog voda kompleksna je cjelina. Zbroj parametara koji dolaze sa svakim od osnovnih dijelova značajan je i otežava analizu. Zato je cilj ovoga rada poslužiti kao polazna točka za detaljniju analizu te optimizaciju.The development of tethered multirotor unmanned aerial vehicles is a relatively new step in their evolution. Solutions offered up until now are price- and application- bound to a small range of multirotor UAVs, which limits the potential of the system. The focus of this master's thesis is to examine different solutions which would expand the application of a power transmission system to a stationary multirotor UAV. An analysis of the main system components was made, their real-world counterparts were examined and a general equation of the system was established. A system comprised of multiple multirotor UAVs, a ground unit and a flexible power cable is a complex unit. The sum of parameters acompanying every component is significant and makes any analysis that much more difficult. Therefore it is the purpose of this work to serve as a starting point for a more detailed analysis and optimisation

A concept of modularly tethered unmanned aerial vehicle

Razvoj vezanih sustava multi-rotorskih bespilotnih letjelica relativno je nov korak u njihovoj evoluciji. Dosad pružena rješenja ograničena su cijenom i primjenom na malen spektar multi-rotorskih bespilotnih letjelica, što ograničava potencijal cjelokupnog sustava. U ovom diplomskom radu naglasak je na promatranju različitih rješenja koja bi proširila primjenu sustava prijenosa energije na stacionarnu bespilotnu letjelicu. Učinjena je raščlamba i analiza dijelova sustava, promotrene su njihove realne izvedbe, a naposljetku je postavljena općenita jednadžba sustava. Sustav koji se sastoji od većeg broja bespilotnih multi-rotorskih letjelica, zemaljske jedinice i energetskog električnog voda kompleksna je cjelina. Zbroj parametara koji dolaze sa svakim od osnovnih dijelova značajan je i otežava analizu. Zato je cilj ovoga rada poslužiti kao polazna točka za detaljniju analizu te optimizaciju.The development of tethered multirotor unmanned aerial vehicles is a relatively new step in their evolution. Solutions offered up until now are price- and application- bound to a small range of multirotor UAVs, which limits the potential of the system. The focus of this master's thesis is to examine different solutions which would expand the application of a power transmission system to a stationary multirotor UAV. An analysis of the main system components was made, their real-world counterparts were examined and a general equation of the system was established. A system comprised of multiple multirotor UAVs, a ground unit and a flexible power cable is a complex unit. The sum of parameters acompanying every component is significant and makes any analysis that much more difficult. Therefore it is the purpose of this work to serve as a starting point for a more detailed analysis and optimisation

A concept of modularly tethered unmanned aerial vehicle

Razvoj vezanih sustava multi-rotorskih bespilotnih letjelica relativno je nov korak u njihovoj evoluciji. Dosad pružena rješenja ograničena su cijenom i primjenom na malen spektar multi-rotorskih bespilotnih letjelica, što ograničava potencijal cjelokupnog sustava. U ovom diplomskom radu naglasak je na promatranju različitih rješenja koja bi proširila primjenu sustava prijenosa energije na stacionarnu bespilotnu letjelicu. Učinjena je raščlamba i analiza dijelova sustava, promotrene su njihove realne izvedbe, a naposljetku je postavljena općenita jednadžba sustava. Sustav koji se sastoji od većeg broja bespilotnih multi-rotorskih letjelica, zemaljske jedinice i energetskog električnog voda kompleksna je cjelina. Zbroj parametara koji dolaze sa svakim od osnovnih dijelova značajan je i otežava analizu. Zato je cilj ovoga rada poslužiti kao polazna točka za detaljniju analizu te optimizaciju.The development of tethered multirotor unmanned aerial vehicles is a relatively new step in their evolution. Solutions offered up until now are price- and application- bound to a small range of multirotor UAVs, which limits the potential of the system. The focus of this master's thesis is to examine different solutions which would expand the application of a power transmission system to a stationary multirotor UAV. An analysis of the main system components was made, their real-world counterparts were examined and a general equation of the system was established. A system comprised of multiple multirotor UAVs, a ground unit and a flexible power cable is a complex unit. The sum of parameters acompanying every component is significant and makes any analysis that much more difficult. Therefore it is the purpose of this work to serve as a starting point for a more detailed analysis and optimisation