Diagnosis of Parotid Gland Mass by the Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) and its Histopathological Correlation - 2 Years Study in BSMMU, Dhaka

Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology is a widely practiced technique in the diagnosis of parotid lump. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a simple, quick, inexpensive and minimally invasive technique used to diagnose different types of masses. In otolaryngology, FNAC’s greatest utility is in the diagnosis of neck masses. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of FNAC in the diagnosis of parotid mass. Parotid gland lesions form about 2-6.5% of all head and neck neoplasms in adults. They are easily accessible by FNAC, also cytology can provide a distinction between parotid and non-parotid lesion, benign and malignant lesions, and specific and non specific inflammation. Methods: 50 patients were studied prospectively over 2 years. FNAC was done using 10 cc syringes and 20-22 G. needle and stained with papanicular stain. Histopathology was assessed on routine H & E (haematoxylin and eosin) stained paraffin sections. Results: Sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing malignant and benign tumours were 75%, 95.2%, and 92.5%, 80%, respectively, and 90% of benign tumours were accurately typed on fine-needle aspiration cytology compared with 92% in the malignant group. Conclusion: Fine-needle aspiration cytology is useful in the preoperative assessment of parotid tumours as it is more reliable than clinical examination to diagnose malignant parotid tumours. FNA cytology is useful in avoiding surgery (inflammatory lesions) or limiting surgical procedures (benign tumours). Key words: Parotid gland tumour; Fine needle cytology DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bsmmuj.v4i2.8632 BSMMU J 2011; 4(2):65-6

Diagnosis of Parotid Gland Mass by the Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) and its Histopathological Correlation - 2 Years Study in BSMMU, Dhaka

Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology is a widely practiced technique in the diagnosis of parotid lump. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a simple, quick, inexpensive and minimally invasive technique used to diagnose different types of masses. In otolaryngology, FNAC’s greatest utility is in the diagnosis of neck masses. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of FNAC in the diagnosis of parotid mass. Parotid gland lesions form about 2-6.5% of all head and neck neoplasms in adults. They are easily accessible by FNAC, also cytology can provide a distinction between parotid and non-parotid lesion, benign and malignant lesions, and specific and non specific inflammation. Methods: 50 patients were studied prospectively over 2 years. FNAC was done using 10 cc syringes and 20-22 G. needle and stained with papanicular stain. Histopathology was assessed on routine H & E (haematoxylin and eosin) stained paraffin sections. Results: Sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing malignant and benign tumours were 75%, 95.2%, and 92.5%, 80%, respectively, and 90% of benign tumours were accurately typed on fine-needle aspiration cytology compared with 92% in the malignant group. Conclusion: Fine-needle aspiration cytology is useful in the preoperative assessment of parotid tumours as it is more reliable than clinical examination to diagnose malignant parotid tumours. FNA cytology is useful in avoiding surgery (inflammatory lesions) or limiting surgical procedures (benign tumours). Key words: Parotid gland tumour; Fine needle cytology DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bsmmuj.v4i2.8632 BSMMU J 2011; 4(2):65-6

Role of Immunological Method of Fecal Occult Blood Test for Screening Colorectal Diseases

Background: Colorectal diseases specially colorectal carcinoma is one of the major health problems throughout the world. Therefore, early diagnosis of these diseases is mandatory. There are various screening methods are used for early diagnosis of colorectal diseases. Among them fecal occult blood test is the most widely used screening test. Objectives: The objectives of the present study were to find out the role of immunological method of fecal occult blood test for screening colorectal diseases. Methods: This was a prospective study consisted of 110 patients suspected to have colorectal diseases of both sexes attending in Gastroenterology and Clinical Pathology department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. Stool samples of all the patients were examined by immunological method of fecal occult blood test and then advised for colonoscopy and histopathology for confirmatory diagnosis. The results of immunological method of fecal occult blood test and the colonoscopic findings were compared. Results. Of 110 patients, 87 (79%) cases were positive and 23 (20.9%)cases were negative by immunological method of fecal occult blood test. According to colonoscopy and histopathology, 65(32.5%) cases were found to have colorectal diseases and 45(22.5%) cases had no pathology. Diseases detected by colonoscopy in occult blood test positive patients, 18(16.4%) colorectal polyp, 24(21.8%) colonic ulcer, 8(7.3%) colorectal cancer, 5(3.5%) inflammatory bowel disease, 7(6.4%) haemorrhoids and fissure, 2(1.8%) colonic diverticulum and 1(0.9%) proctitis. Among the 65(32.5%) lesions detected by colonoscopy,62(95.3%) cases were positive by immunological method of fecal occult blood test where as only three(3) lesions were found in occult blood test negative cases. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of immunological method of fecal occult blood test (IFOBT) for detection of occult bleeding were 95.4%, 44.4%, 71.3% and 87.0% respectively. Conclusion: It can apparently be concluded from this study that the role of immunological method of fecal occult blood test for colorectal diseases is promising in Bangladesh. Key words: Colorectal diseases; Fecal occult blood test; Immunological method DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bsmmuj.v4i2.8634 BSMMU J 2011; 4(2):76-8

Role of Immunological Method of Fecal Occult Blood Test for Screening Colorectal Diseases

Background: Colorectal diseases specially colorectal carcinoma is one of the major health problems throughout the world. Therefore, early diagnosis of these diseases is mandatory. There are various screening methods are used for early diagnosis of colorectal diseases. Among them fecal occult blood test is the most widely used screening test. Objectives: The objectives of the present study were to find out the role of immunological method of fecal occult blood test for screening colorectal diseases. Methods: This was a prospective study consisted of 110 patients suspected to have colorectal diseases of both sexes attending in Gastroenterology and Clinical Pathology department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. Stool samples of all the patients were examined by immunological method of fecal occult blood test and then advised for colonoscopy and histopathology for confirmatory diagnosis. The results of immunological method of fecal occult blood test and the colonoscopic findings were compared. Results. Of 110 patients, 87 (79%) cases were positive and 23 (20.9%)cases were negative by immunological method of fecal occult blood test. According to colonoscopy and histopathology, 65(32.5%) cases were found to have colorectal diseases and 45(22.5%) cases had no pathology. Diseases detected by colonoscopy in occult blood test positive patients, 18(16.4%) colorectal polyp, 24(21.8%) colonic ulcer, 8(7.3%) colorectal cancer, 5(3.5%) inflammatory bowel disease, 7(6.4%) haemorrhoids and fissure, 2(1.8%) colonic diverticulum and 1(0.9%) proctitis. Among the 65(32.5%) lesions detected by colonoscopy,62(95.3%) cases were positive by immunological method of fecal occult blood test where as only three(3) lesions were found in occult blood test negative cases. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of immunological method of fecal occult blood test (IFOBT) for detection of occult bleeding were 95.4%, 44.4%, 71.3% and 87.0% respectively. Conclusion: It can apparently be concluded from this study that the role of immunological method of fecal occult blood test for colorectal diseases is promising in Bangladesh. Key words: Colorectal diseases; Fecal occult blood test; Immunological method DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bsmmuj.v4i2.8634 BSMMU J 2011; 4(2):76-8

Role of Hematologic Scoring System in Early Diagnosis of Neonatal Septicemia

Background: Neonatal septicemia is one of the major health problems throughout the world. Infections are a frequent and important cause of morbidity and mortality in neonatal period. Objective: The objective of this study was the role of hematologic scoring system (HSS) in the early diagnosis of neonatal septicemia. Methods: This is a prospective study consisted of 100 neonates admitted at neonatal ICU, BSMMU, who were clinically suspected cases of septicemia. The neonatal hematological parameter was measured in all cases. Blood culture was done for the gold standard of proven sepsis. There were 12 out of 100 neonates (12%) who had culture proven sepsis. They were predominantly preterm and of very low birth weight. Results: On evaluation of various hematological parameters total leucocytes count, total neutrophil count, IT ratio (>0.2), IM ratio (> 0.3), total immature PMNs count, platelet count were found to have optimal sensitivities and negative predictive values. Using these values hematologic scoring system was formulated according to Rodwell et al. Score > 4 has a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 60%, with PPV 26% and NPV 100 %. Considering the high sensitivity, negative predictive value, this study implies that score > 4 were more reliable as a screening tool for sepsis than any of the individual hematological parameter. Conclusion: HSS are useful test to distinguish the infected from non infected infants. They also provide a effective guideline to make decisions regarding judicious use of antibiotic therapy.Keywords: Hematologic scoring system (HSS); Blood culture; Neonatal septicemia DOI: 10.3329/bsmmuj.v3i2.7053BSMMU J 2010; 3(2): 62-6

Role of Hematologic Scoring System in Early Diagnosis of Neonatal Septicemia

Background: Neonatal septicemia is one of the major health problems throughout the world. Infections are a frequent and important cause of morbidity and mortality in neonatal period. Objective: The objective of this study was the role of hematologic scoring system (HSS) in the early diagnosis of neonatal septicemia. Methods: This is a prospective study consisted of 100 neonates admitted at neonatal ICU, BSMMU, who were clinically suspected cases of septicemia. The neonatal hematological parameter was measured in all cases. Blood culture was done for the gold standard of proven sepsis. There were 12 out of 100 neonates (12%) who had culture proven sepsis. They were predominantly preterm and of very low birth weight. Results: On evaluation of various hematological parameters total leucocytes count, total neutrophil count, IT ratio (>0.2), IM ratio (> 0.3), total immature PMNs count, platelet count were found to have optimal sensitivities and negative predictive values. Using these values hematologic scoring system was formulated according to Rodwell et al. Score > 4 has a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 60%, with PPV 26% and NPV 100 %. Considering the high sensitivity, negative predictive value, this study implies that score > 4 were more reliable as a screening tool for sepsis than any of the individual hematological parameter. Conclusion: HSS are useful test to distinguish the infected from non infected infants. They also provide a effective guideline to make decisions regarding judicious use of antibiotic therapy.Keywords: Hematologic scoring system (HSS); Blood culture; Neonatal septicemia DOI: 10.3329/bsmmuj.v3i2.7053BSMMU J 2010; 3(2): 62-6

Organoleptic and grain quality traits of aromatic rice varieties as influenced by supplementation of Zn and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline

Aromatic rice fetches premium prices in world markets due to its pleasant smell and enchanting flavor. In Bangladesh, the quality of aromatic rice is much inferior than those of other rice growing countries because of lack of improved variety and judicious agronomic management. Selection of appropriate variety and supplementation zinc (Zn) and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) can improve the aroma. The present study exhibited the effects of 2-AP and Zn supplementation on yield and quality of aromatic rice. Two well-known aromatic cultivars, BRRI dhan80 and BRRI dhan34, were cultured separately in pot supplemented with 2-AP and Zn. The results showed that supplementation of 2-AP and /or Zn along with conventional practices had significant effects on organoleptic and some quality parameters studied in this study. The concentration of 2AP and Zn in rice grain increased with increasing their application rate. Additionally, grain 2-AP concentrations were significantly and positively correlated with organoleptic characters. Interactions of both these elements with the complex process of 2-AP formation remain to be explored

Correlation of Estimated-Glomerular Filtration Rate (e-GFR) with diabetic nephropathy and non-nephropathy patients in a tertiary care hospital

The estimated glomerular filtration (e-GFR) and serum creatinine is the screening methods of reduced renal function in patients with type-II diabetes (T2DM) in both patient with diabetic nephropathy and with no diabetic nephropathy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of e-GFR in type-II diabetes mellitus patients with diabetic nephropathy and without diabetic nephropathy.This cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2020 to February 2021 in the Department of Laboratory Medicine in collaboration with Department of Nephrology, Bangbandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka involving 60 patients from the department of Nephrology, BSMMU. Among 60 patients, 30 were with diabetic nephropathy and 30 were without nephropathy. Both nephrop- athy and without nephropathy group were selected according to selection criteria. Random blood sugar (RBS), Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine and e-GFR level were measured in all patients. After data collection and processing, all statistical analysis was done by using SPSS Version 26.0. In this study, the mean(}SD) age was 50.5}11.71 in group-I and 45.53}9.97 in group-II. The difference was statistically not significant(p=0.082). It was observed that 20(66.7%) were male and 10(33.3%) were female in group I and 13(43.3%) were male and 17(56.7%) were female in group-II. Age group 51-60 years had highest percentage of nephropathy patients 9(30.0%) and 31-40 years of age group had highest percentage of diabet- ic patient without nephropathy 13(43.3%). The mean e-GFR in Group I was 47.56}35.48 and in Group II was 93.75}31.29 which was statistically significant (p=0.001). There was a signifi- cant negative correlation between serum e-GFR and serum creatinine in between Group I (r=-0.809, p<0.001) and Group II (r=-0.715, p<0.001). In conclusion, serum creatinine was higher in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with nephropathy group and mean e-GFR was significantly reduced in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with nephropathy group than without nephropathy. BSMMU J 2021; 14(4): 109-11

Role of Immunological Method of Fecal Occult Blood Test for Screening Colorectal Diseases

Background: Colorectal diseases specially colorectal carcinoma is one of the major health problems throughout the world. Therefore, early diagnosis of these diseases is mandatory. There are various screening methods are used for early diagnosis of colorectal diseases. Among them fecal occult blood test is the most widely used screening test. Objectives: The objectives of the present study were to find out the role of immunological method of fecal occult blood test for screening colorectal diseases. Methods: This was a prospective study consisted of 110 patients suspected to have colorectal diseases of both sexes attending in Gastroenterology and Clinical Pathology department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. Stool samples of all the patients were examined by immunological method of fecal occult blood test and then advised for colonoscopy and histopathology for confirmatory diagnosis. The results of immunological method of fecal occult blood test and the colonoscopic findings were compared. Results. Of 110 patients, 87 (79%) cases were positive and 23 (20.9%)cases were negative by immunological method of fecal occult blood test. According to colonoscopy and histopathology, 65(32.5%) cases were found to have colorectal diseases and 45(22.5%) cases had no pathology. Diseases detected by colonoscopy in occult blood test positive patients, 18(16.4%) colorectal polyp, 24(21.8%) colonic ulcer, 8(7.3%) colorectal cancer, 5(3.5%) inflammatory bowel disease, 7(6.4%) haemorrhoids and fissure, 2(1.8%) colonic diverticulum and 1(0.9%) proctitis. Among the 65(32.5%) lesions detected by colonoscopy,62(95.3%) cases were positive by immunological method of fecal occult blood test where as only three(3) lesions were found in occult blood test negative cases. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of immunological method of fecal occult blood test (IFOBT) for detection of occult bleeding were 95.4%, 44.4%, 71.3% and 87.0% respectively. Conclusion: It can apparently be concluded from this study that the role of immunological method of fecal occult blood test for colorectal diseases is promising in Bangladesh. Key words: Colorectal diseases; Fecal occult blood test; Immunological method DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bsmmuj.v4i2.8634 BSMMU J 2011; 4(2):76-8