Farklı azot ve çiftlik gübre dozlarının ekmeklik buğdayda (Triticum aestivum L.) verim, kalite ve antioksidan aktivitesi üzerine etkisi

Yapılan tez çalışması Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Araştırma ve Uygulama Çiftliğinde 2014 yılı buğdayekim sezonunda tesadüf blokları bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine uygun olarak yürütülmüştür. Organik (O, 1, 2, 3, 4 ton/da) ve mineral gübre. (0, 7, 14, 21 kgN/da) dozlarının ekmeklik buğday bitkisinde bitki boyu, m2'de başak sayısı, başakta tane sayısı, bin tane ağırlığı, tane verimi ve tane kalite özelliklerinden ham protein, lif, yağ, kül ve nişasta oranlarına etkileri belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca sağlık açısından önemli katkıları bulunan tanede toplam fenol içeriği ve toplam antioksidan aktivite özellikleri de incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar incelendiğinde; bitki boyu 63.2-1 ı 0.1 cm, m2'de başak sayısı 405-665 adet, başakta tane sayısı 39.3-50.0 adet, verİm 196.7-819.7 kg/da, ham protein %11.43-15.80, ham lif %2.41-2.91, ham kül %1.45-1.55, ham nişasta %57.07-60.03, toplam fenol içeriği 176.2-3 ı 2. ı ug GAE/g ve toplam antioksidan aktivite % 11.34-32.39 değerleri arasında değişmiştir. Azot dozlarından 21 kg/da, çiftlik gübre dozlarından 2 ton/data kadar yapılan gübreleme uygulamaları buğday bitkisinin verim ve kalite özelliklerine etkisi olumlu bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak ekmeklik buğday bitkisinde mineral azotlu gübrelemenin yanında çiftlik gübrelemenin yapılması hem verim hem de tane kalitesi açısından faydalı bulunmuştur

Nezahat Gökyiğit botanik bahçesi Gymnospermleri üzerinde palinolojik araştırmalar

ÖZETNEZAHAT GÖKYİĞİT BOTANİK BAHÇESİ GYMNOSPERMLERİÜZERİNDE PALİNOLOJİK ARAŞTIRMALARTürkiye gerek coğrafi konumu gerekse iklim özellikleri nedeniyle, dünyanın en zenginbitki çeşitliliğine sahip ülkelerden biridir. Bu çeşitlilik içinde Gymnospermler de önemlibir yer tutmaktadır. Çoğu bitkide olduğu gibi hem doğal bir zenginlik ve hem deekonomik önemi olan Gymnospermlerin çeşitli özelliklerinin tanımlanması, kaynaklarınkayda geçirilmesi ve korunması büyük öneme sahiptir. Bitkilerde klasik morfolojiktanımlamalar yanında polen morfolojilerinin (polen boyutu, polen şekli, polenaçıklıklarının tipi ve sayısı, polen dış çeperi ekzinin yüzey özellikleri vb.) mikroskobik(ışık-elektron) yöntemler kullanılarak belirlenmesi de yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır.Elde edilen polen morfolojisi ile ilgili veriler bitki sistematiği alanının yanı sıra bölgeselpolen dağılımı, geçmişte ve devam eden iklim değişiklikleri, arkeolojik-jeolojik kayıtlar,coğrafik veriler, alerjik-solunum rahatsızlıkları ve polen ürünlerinin (bal vb.) kalitesikonularında da değerlendirilmektedir. Yapılan literatür taramaları ve takip edilen listelerebakıldığında, çalışmaların çoğunda Angiospermlere ait palinolojik özelliklerinvurgulandığı görülmüştür. Bu nedenle bu tez çalışması, Nezahat Gökyiğit BotanikBahçesi (NGBB) Gymnospermleri üzerinde yoğunlaşarak palinolojik açıdanmikroskobik incelemeler yapılmasını amaçlamaktadır. Gymnosperm türlerine ait polenlerNGBB’de var olan ağaçlardan temin edilmiştir. Cupressaceae ve Pinaceae familyalarınaait 15 taksona ait polen taneleri Wodehouse yöntemi kullanılarak ışık mikroskobudüzeyinde incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre Cupressaceae familyasına ait türlersferoidal şekilli ve granulat yüzey ornamentasyonlu, Pinaceae familyasına ait türler ise 2adet hava kesesi içeren verrukat veya skabrat yüzey ornamentasyonlu olduğubelirlenmiştir. Bu polen örneklerinin ait olduğu taksonların bir kısmı palinolojiközellikleri daha önce hiç kayda alınmamıştır. Elde ettiğimiz ışık mikroskobu verilerininuzun vadede Türkiye’deki biyolojik çeşitliliğin kayda alınması, polen atlasının veanahtarının oluşturulmasına da katkı sağlayacağı da düşünülmektedir.ABSTRACTPALYNOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON GYMNOSPERMS OF NEZAHATGÖKYİĞİT BOTANICAL GARDENDue to its geographical location and climatic characteristics, Turkey is one of thecountries with the richest plant diversity in the world. Gymnosperms also have animportant place in this diversity. As with most plants, the identification of variouscharacteristics of Gymnosperms, which have both natural richness and economicimportance, is of great importance in terms of recording and protecting resources. Inaddition to classical morphological definitions in plants, the determination of pollenmorphology (pollen size, pollen shape, type and number of pollen openings, surfaceproperties of pollen outer wall excise, etc.) using microscopic (light-electron) methods isalso widely used. In addition to the field of plant systematics, the obtained data on pollenmorphology are also evaluated on regional pollen distribution, past and ongoing climatechanges, archaeological-geological records, geographical data, allergic-respiratorydisorders and quality of pollen products (honey, etc.). When the literature reviews and thelists followed, it was seen that the palynological features of Angiosperms wereemphasized in most of the studies. For this reason, this thesis study focuses on NezahatGökyiğit Botanical Garden (NGBB) Gymnosperms and aims to make microscopicexaminations from a palynological point of view. Pollens belonging to Gymnospermspecies were obtained from trees existing in NGBB. Pollen grains belonging to 15 taxabelonging to Cupressaceae and Pinaceae families were examined at the light microscopelevel using the Wodehouse method. According to the results obtained, the speciesbelonging to the Cupressaceae family were determined to be spheroidal shaped andgranulate surface ornamentation, while the species belonging to the Pinaceae family weredetermined to have verrucate or scabrate surface ornamentation containing 2 air sacs. Thepalynological features of some of the taxa to which these pollen samples belong havenever been recorded before. It is also thought that the light microscopy data we haveobtained will contribute to the recording of biological diversity in Turkey and the creationof the pollen atlas and key in the long term

The New Prediction Methodology for CO₂ Emission to Ensure Energy Sustainability with the Hybrid Artificial Neural Network Approach

Energy is one of the most fundamental elements of today’s economy. It is becoming more important day by day with technological developments. In order to plan the energy policies of the countries and to prevent the climate change crisis, CO2 emissions must be under control. For this reason, the estimation of CO2 emissions has become an important factor for researchers and scientists. In this study, a new hybrid method was developed using optimization methods. The Shuffled Frog-Leaping Algorithm (SFLA) algorithm has recently become the preferred method for solving many optimization problems. SFLA, a swarm-based heuristic method, was developed in this study using the Levy flight method. Thus, the speed of reaching the optimum result of the algorithm has been improved. This method, which was developed later, was used in a hybrid structure of the Firefly Algorithm (FA). In the next step, a new Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-based estimation method is proposed using the hybrid optimization method. The method was used to estimate the amount of CO2 emissions in Türkiye. The proposed hybrid model had the RMSE error 5.1107 and the R2 0.9904 for a testing dataset, respectively. In the last stage, Türkiye’s future CO2 emission estimation is examined in three different scenarios. The obtained results show that the proposed estimation method can be successfully applied in areas requiring future estimation

Homozygous exonic and intragenic NRXN1 deletion presenting as either West syndrome or autism spectrum disorder in two siblings

Neurexins (NRXNs) are cell-adhesion molecules that play critical roles in establishing and maintaining synaptic connections. Humans have three NRXN genes (NRXN1, NRXN2, NRXN3) and heterozygous intragenic microdeletions involving NRXN1 have been associated with autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, intellectual disability, seizures, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. Bi-allelic loss in NRXN1 produces a recessive and severe phenotype. We would like to describe the clinical, electroencephalographic, and genetic findings of two siblings, one with a neurodevelopmental disorder with infantile spasms and the other with autism spectrum disorder, having homozygous exonic NRXN1 deletion. A suspicious variant was not detected in the whole exome-sequencing but copy number variation analysis revealed NRXN1 exon 2–5 homozygous deletion (chr2:51149007–51255411; 106.404 kb) in both siblings. Neurodevelopmental disorder with infantile spasms and autism spectrum disorder in two siblings with homozygous NRXN1 deletion display intrafamilial phenotypic variation. Bi-allelic/homozygous NRXN1 exonic deletions are responsible for a spectrum from significant intellectual disability to epileptic encephalopathy, even within the same family. Array comparative genomic hybridization should be the first genetic testing in epileptic encephalopathy although we reached the diagnosis with next-generation sequencing and later copy number variation analysis

Interacting with AP1 complex mutated synergin gamma (SYNRG) reveals a novel coatopathy in the form of complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia

Background: Today, it is known that about 80 genes are involved in the etiology of hereditary spastic paraplegia. However, there are many cases whose etiology could not be determined by extensive genetic tests such as whole-exome sequencing, clinical exome. Methods: Candidate genes were determined, since no clinically illuminating variant was detected in the whole-exome sequencing analysis of three patients, two of whom were siblings, with a complex hereditary spastic paraplegia phenotype. Results: The p.Leu1202Pro variant in the SYNRG gene in the 1st and 2nd cases, and the p.Gly533* variant in the 3rd case were homozygous. Discussion: We suggest that the SYNRG gene interacting with AP-1 (adaptor-related protein) from the AP complex family may cause the complex hereditary spastic paraplegia phenotype with extensive clinical spectrum. It may be important to evaluate SYNRG gene variants in patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia whose etiology has not been clarified

A genetic mimic of cerebral palsy: Homozygous NFU1 mutation with marked intrafamilial phenotypic variation

Background: Genetic defects in the NFU1, an iron-sulfur cluster scaffold protein coding gene, which is vital in the final stage of assembly for iron sulfur proteins, have been defined as multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome I. This disorder is a severe autosomal recessive disease with onset in early infancy. It is characterized by disruption of the energy metabolism, resulting in weak-ness, neurological regression, hyperglycinemia, lactic acidosis, and early death.Patient description: This report documents the case of a 27-month-old girl, who showed clinical signs and symptoms of spastic paraparesis with a relapsing-remitting course. The patient had a sister with a severe phenotype who died at the age of 16 months.Results: Magnetic resonance imaging revealed hyperintensity of the cerebral white matter that was more prominent in the frontal regions, with milder involvement in the posterior periventricular regions. There was also evidence of partial cystic degeneration and cavitation in the frontal regions. In addition, she had hyperglycinemia. Homozygous NM_001002755.4:c.565G>A (p.Gly189Arg) mutation was identified in the NFU1 gene; this had not previously been reported as homozygous.Conclusion: Hyperglycinemia and cavitating leukodystrophy are suggestive of an NFU1 mutation diagnosis. An intrafamilial phenotypic variation has not been published in NFU1-associated disorders before. Presenting with spasticity as a rare phenotype, NFU1 mutations could be considered a genetic mimic of cerebral palsy