High-resolution spectroscopy of nitrogen(2)(+)

The visible {dollar}A\sp2\Pi\sb{u} \gets X\sp2\Sigma\sbsp{g}{+}{dollar} absorption spectrum of N{dollar}\sb2\sp+{dollar} was observed by using a coaxial ion beam laser beam technique for the first time. The resonances are detected by allowing the ion beam to collide with buffer gas and detecting the surviving ion beam current. Because the collisional cross-section depends on the internal state of the ion, the surviving ion beam current changes when the laser frequency is resonant with the ions. This technique can detect a fractional change in collisional cross section of only 0.03% from one quantum state to another. The fractional noise in ion current {dollar}\Delta I/I{dollar} is a few parts in {dollar}10\sp{-7}{dollar} (3 second average time) is consistent with the shot noise limit. The frequency resolution {dollar}\Delta\nu/\nu{dollar} in this experiment is {dollar}2 \times 10\sp{-7}.{dollar} Compared to the commonly used technique of absorption spectroscopy in a discharge, the Doppler width in this experiment is reduced by a factor of 10-20. A number of previously unresolved lower rotational doublet lines in the {dollar}A\sp2\Pi\sb{u} \gets X\sp2\Sigma\sbsp{g}{+}{dollar} (4, 0) band are fully resolved and the energy splittings are measured for the first time in this experiment. The spin-rotation coupling constant of N{dollar}\sb2\sp+{dollar} in the {dollar}X\sp2\Sigma\sbsp{g}{+}{dollar} (v = 0) state is obtained by the direct measurement of the fully resolved doublets whose splitting is caused by the interaction between the electron spin with the molecular rotation. The technique demonstrated here is applicable to a wide variety of molecular ions

IT Enabled Global Manufacturing Strategy: Objectives, Considerations, and Implementation Issues

The new global competitive environment requires U.S. manufacturers to move beyond quality revolution to address growth in overseas markets. A global manufacturing strategy can be defined as one that enables a firm to maximize the utilization of global manufacturing resources for competitive advantage. But how do firms go about formulating, implementing and monitoring their global manufacturing strategy? This paper first addresses the major goals and considerations when manufacturing firms try to go global. The important implementation issues of global manufacturing strategy are then discusses with emphasis on the role of information technology

High current coaxial ion beam/laser beam spectrometer

The construction and operation of a new apparatus for making spectroscopic investigations of molecular ions is described. In the new ion beam machine, the ion beam and laser beam overlap in a coaxial geometry. The machine has much higher ion current than an apparatus previous used. The laser beam induces transitions between internal states of the molecular ion. The transitions are detected by allowing the ion beam to collide with background gas and detecting the surviving ion beam current. Because the cross-section depends on the internal state of the ion, the surviving ion beam current will change when the laser frequency is resonant with the ions. In a molecular ion spectroscopic experiment, high ion current is necessary for detection by laser absorption. In addition, higher current is also desirable for collisional detection. The first measurement using the new apparatus is described: the detection of transition in CO{dollar}\sp+{dollar} using collisional detection

Improving innovation performance through IS enabled knowledge scanning

None provided

An Integrative team learning model - New perspectives for manufacturing system design

Existing literature suggest that learning occur at three levels: individual, team and organizational. Although there have been theoretical models at all three levels, the research efforts to integrate them are limited. This paper proposes a team learning model that integrates previous learning theories at different levels. The model was then used to explain how to overcome learning barriers in various aspects of modern manufacturing system design