Yeast Two-Hybrid を用いた相互作用分子の探索

平成28年度東京女子医科大学医学部・基礎系教室研究発表会(平成28年12月22日)　東京女子医科大学　臨床講堂

How Much Did People Refrain from Service Consumption due to the Outbreak of COVID-19?

With the spread of coronavirus infections, there has been a growing tendency to refrain from consuming services such as eating out that involve contact with people. Self-restraint in service consumption is essential to stop the spread of infections, and the national government as well as local governments such as the Tokyo government are calling for consumers as well as _firms providing such services to exercise self-restraint. One way to measure the degree of self-restraint has been to look at changes in the flow of people using smart phone location data. As a more direct approach, this note uses credit card transaction data on service spending to examine the degree to which people exercise self-restraint. The results indicate that of men aged 35-39 living in the Tokyo metropolitan area, the share that used their credit card to pay for eating out in March 2020 was 27 percent. Using transaction data for January, i.e., before the full outbreak of the virus in Japan, yields an estimated share of 32 percent for March. This means that the number of people eating out fell by 15 percent. Apart from eating out, similar self-restraint effects can be observed in various other sectors such as entertainment, travel, and accommodation. Looking at the degree of self-restraint by age shows that the self-restraint effect was relatively large among those in their late 30s to early 50s. However, below that age bracket, the younger the age group, the smaller was the self-restraint effect. Moreover, the self-restraint effect was also small among those aged 55 and above. Further, the degree of self-restraint varies depending on the type of service; it is highest with regard to entertainment, travel, and accommodation. The number of people who spent on these services in March 2020 was about half of the number during normal times. However, the 80 percent reduction demanded by the government has not been achieved.Publisher\u27s another name: JSPS Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S) Central Bank Communication Desig

Online Consumption During the COVID-19 Crisis : Evidence from Japan

The spread of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infections has led to substantial changes in consumption patterns. While demand for services that involve face-to-face contact has decreased sharply, online consumption of goods and services, such as through e-commerce, is increasing. The aim of this study is to investigate whether online consumption will continue to increase even after COVID-19 subsides, using credit card transaction data. Online consumption requires upfront costs, which have been regarded as one of the factors inhibiting the diffusion of online consumption. However, if many consumers made such upfront investments due to the coronavirus pandemic, they would have no reason to return to offline consumption after the pandemic has ended, and high levels of online consumption should continue. Our main findings are as follows. First, the main group responsible for the increase in online consumption are consumers who were already familiar with online consumption before the pandemic and purchased goods and service both online and offline. These consumers increased the share of online spending in their spending overall and/or stopped offline consumption completely and switched to online consumption only. Second, some consumers that had never used the internet for purchases before started to use the internet for their consumption activities due to COVID-19. However, the share of consumers making this switch was not very different from the trend before the crisis. Third, by age group, the switch to online consumption was more pronounced among youngsters than seniors. These findings suggest that it is not the case that during the pandemic a large number of consumers made the upfront investment necessary to switch to online consumption, so a certain portion of the increase in online consumption is likely to fall away again as COVID-19 subsides.Publiser\u27s another name: JSPS Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S) Central Bank Communication Desig

The bimodality in the mass-metallicity relation in SDSS-MaNGA galaxy pairs

Aims: Interacting galaxies show a metallicity dilution compared to isolated galaxies of similar masses in the mass-metallicity space at the global scale. We investigate the spatially resolved mass-metallicity relation (MZR) of galaxy pairs in the SDSS-MaNGA survey to confirm that the local relation between the stellar mass surface density and the metallicity is consistent with the MZR at the global scale. Methods: We investigate the relationship between the stellar mass surface density and the metallicity abundance, 12+log (O/H), for star-forming spaxels belonging to 298 galaxy pairs identified using visual and kinematic indicators in the SDSS-MaNGA survey. We also investigate if a)the location of a spaxel relative to the galaxy centre and b)the galaxy pair separation have any effect on the local MZR. Results: We find that the correlation between mass and metallicity holds for interacting galaxies at the local level. However, we find two peaks in spaxel distribution, one peak with enriched metallicity and the other with diluted metallicity. We find that the spaxels belonging to the galaxy central regions (i.e. at lower R/Reff) are concentrated close to the two peaks. We also find that the metallicity-diluted spaxels belong to galaxy pairs with closer projected separations and that spaxels with enriched metallicity belong to galaxy pairs with greater projected separations. Conclusions: We find two discrete peaks in the spatially resolved MZR for star-forming spaxels that belong to galaxy pairs. The peaks are likely related to the galaxy projected separation or the stage of the interaction process of a galaxy pair.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, accepted by A&A Feb. 17, 202

Study on Strategy Risk and Enterprise Value in Enterprise Risk Management

関西大

エンタープライズ・リスクマネジメントにおける戦略リスクと企業価値 [論文要旨及び審査の要旨]

関西大

Early Development of Resident Macrophages in the Mouse Cochlea Depends on Yolk Sac Hematopoiesis

Resident macrophages reside in all tissues throughout the body and play a central role in both tissue homeostasis and inflammation. Although the inner ear was once believed to be “immune-privileged, ” recent studies have shown that macrophages are distributed in the cochlea and may play important roles in the immune system thereof. Resident macrophages have heterogeneous origins among tissues and throughout developmental stages. However, the origins of embryonic cochlear macrophages remain unknown. Here, we show that the early development of resident macrophages in the mouse cochlea depends on yolk sac hematopoiesis. Accordingly, our results found that macrophages emerging around the developing otocyst at E10.5 exhibited dynamic changes in distribution and in situ proliferative capacity during embryonic and neonatal stages. Cochlear examination in Csf1r-null mice revealed a substantial decrease in the number of Iba1-positive macrophages in the spiral ganglion and spiral ligament, whereas they were still observed in the cochlear mesenchyme or on the intraluminal surface of the perilymphatic space. Our results demonstrated that two subtypes of resident macrophages are present in the embryonic cochlea, one being Csf1r-dependent macrophages that originate from the yolk sac and the other being Csf1r-independent macrophages that appear to be derived from the fetal liver via systemic circulation. We consider the present study to be a starting point for elucidating the roles of embryonic cochlear resident macrophages. Furthermore, resident macrophages in the embryonic cochlea could be a novel target for the treatment of various inner ear disorders

日本に於けるバンクロフト糸状虫症の伝搬蚊に対する駆除作業の効果

The most important vector of bancroftian filariasis in Japan is C. p. pallens and the secondary but only a little important one is Ae. togoi. Against the former species larvicide application once a week is practicable and very effective, but against the latter it is difficult. Residual spray by organophosphorous imagicide is very effective for the adults of both species, reducing almost perfectly the population density for a month and suppressing the transmission of the disease for about two months. Experimental eradication of filariasis by only vector control has been carried out in a village since 1962 under the cooperation of villagers in practice of timely applications of larvicide and imagicide. The success seems probably achievable by about the end of 1969.日本での最も重要なバンクロフト糸状虫症の伝搬蚊はアカイエカで,あまり重要ではないが第二番目の伝搬蚊はトウゴウヤブカである.前者に対しては週1回の幼虫駆除が実行可能であり極めて有効である.然し,後者に対しては幼虫駆除は困難である.成虫に対する有機燐剤による残留噴霧は両種の伝搬蚊に対して極めて有効であって的1ケ月間は成虫の生息密度を殆んど完全に抑圧し,約2ケ月間は蚊による感染を防止し得る.伝搬蚊を駆除する事のみによる糸状虫症の撲滅を計画し1962年以来某部落で,村民の協力を得て,幼虫駆除及び残留噴霧を適正に実施しているが,1969年の末頃迄にはその撲滅は可能であると思われる

Compliance and Risk Management in USJ

Universal Studios Japan (USJ) was inaugurated in 2001. Having experienced the problems in 2002, USJ have developed the compliance and risk management within the firm. Based on its action code, "Decide Now. Do it Now. Everything is possible. Swing the bat!", USJ organizes and develops risk management together with compliance. In this research note, we illustrate how USJ organizes risk management associated with compliance, and how USJ controls risks a Theme Park Business

日本脳炎伝搬蚊、特にコガタアカイエカの生態 : 2.終夜採集法による夜間吸血活動性と吸血嗜好性

All-night-catches of mosquitoes were made four times at human huts, by human-baited-traps, at animal sheds, and by dry-ice-traps, two times in June and once in September, 1965 and once in August, 1966. The hourly distributions of the collected females of Culex tritaeniorhynchus usually had a high post-sunset peak, and occasionally a low peak before or around sunrise. It was also shown that the order of mosquito species in the appearance of the post-sunset peak, early to late, is as follows: Aedes vexans nipponii, and Armigeres subalbatus>Anopheles sinensis, Culex neovishnui, and C. tritaeniorhynchus>C. pipiens pallens. As for the host preference of mosquitoes, it was shown from the percentage compositions of mosquitoes collected by various methods that C. tritaeniorhynchus, An. sinensis, Ae. vexans nipponii, and Ar. subalbatus are zoophilic; C, neovishnui is ornithophilic and zoophilic; and C. pipiens pallens is ornithophilic and anthropophilic.1965年6月と9月及び1966年8月に,人またはドライアイスを用いたトラップにより,あるいは豚舎,牛舎または鶏舎において,計4回の蚊の終夜採集を行なった.コガタアカイエカ雌成虫の採集数の時刻的消長には,多くの場合には日没後にピークが見られ,ある場合には日出前後にも小さなピークが見られる.日没後のピーク出現の時刻は蚊の種類により違っていて,次の順序である:キンイロヤブカ,オオクロヤブカ>シナハマダラカ,シロハシイエカ,コガタアカイエカ>アカイエカ.種々の方法で採集した蚊の種類構成から,吸血嗜好性を判断すれば,次の通りである:コガタアカイエカ,シナハマダラカ,キンイロヤブカ,オオクロヤブカは大動物嗜好性;シロハシイエカは鳥類嗜好性及び大動物嗜好性;アカイエカは鳥類嗜好性及び人類嗜好性