Psychological Process of Mothers in Caring of Children with Intellectual Disabilities : Analysis of Mothers\u27 Daily Logs

In the early treatment for mothers in caring of children with intellectual disabilities, the program should support mothers in such a way as to affirm their lives and stimulate their inner transitions. However, how to encourage inner transitions has yet to be analyzed in relation with supporting programs. This study analyzed the daily logs of three mothers who have used the service of "Three months mother-child short-stay program" provided by residential facilities for children with intellectual disabilities, to explore the process of mothers\u27 understandings of their children in cognitive level and to study the changes in their feelings and emotions as caregivers. Through this program, these mothers began to direct their attentions to their children, to accept their children as they are, and to connect their knowledge with each circumstance of their children thereby becoming capable of inferring the next steps in their development and education. In addition, mothers gradually place more expectations to their children\u27s futures by reflecting upon past experiences, reviewing their relationships with children, and reinforcing empathy and responsibilities to their children. The result of this study indicates that mothers in caring the children with intellectual disabilities experienced inner transition while constantly facing conflicting feelings

A 5 kDa protein (SCS23) from the 30 S subunit of the spinach chloroplast ribosome

AbstractThe proteins of the 30 S ribosomal subunits from spinach chloroplasts were investigated using a radical-free and highly reducing (RFHR) method of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Twenty-three proteins were resolved on the gel down to the smallest protein of 5 kDa. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the 5 kDa protein showed no homology with that of any other protein stored in databases, and the copy numbers were estimated to be 0.88±0.16 and 0.72±0.04 in the 30 S subunits and the 70 S ribosomes, respectively. The results suggest that the 5 kDa protein, which we have called SCS23, may be an essential ribosomal protein specific to spinach chloroplasts

わが国の教師の信念／ビリーフに関する研究の成果と展望 : 多様な教育的ニーズに応える意識とは？

本研究では，多様な教育的ニーズに応える教師の意識について検討するため，教師の信念／ビリーフに関する研究を概観した。その結果，教師の信念／ビリーフは，⑴研究によって定義や理解が異なること，⑵教師の指導行動や態度に正負両面の影響があること，⑶児童の学級適応感に正負両面の影響があること，⑷教師の精神的健康に影響すること，⑸学校段階や学校タイプによって教師の信念／ビリーフは異なることなどが明らかになった。そして，多様な教育的ニーズに対応できる教師の信念／ビリーフを客観視できる指標が必要であること，同じく多様な教育的ニーズに対応できる教師の信念／ビリーフを獲得する経緯を明らかにすることが課題となる。This study examined teachersʼ consciousness for addressing diverse educational needs by reviewing the research on teachersʼ beliefs. The results revealed that (1) teachersʼ beliefs were defined and understood differently in different studies, (2) their teaching behaviors and attitudes are both positively and negatively impacted by their beliefs, (3) teachersʼ beliefs positively and negatively affect childrenʼs classroom adjustment, (4) teachersʼ beliefs have an impact on their mental health, and (5) teachersʼ beliefs vary by school stage and type. Furthermore, an index that can objectively evaluate teachersʼ beliefs is vital to successfully address various educational needs, and it is challenge to clarify the process by which teachers acquire their beliefs

知的障害特別支援学校でのタブレット端末活用の動向

GIGAスクール構想の実現により，一人一台端末と高速大容量の通信ネットワークが整備される中で，特別支援学校でもICT活用が進んでいる。本研究では，知的障害特別支援学校における児童生徒のタブレット活用方法について，活用場面を5つのカテゴリーに分けてわが国の研究論文や実践報告を整理し，各場面でどのように活用されているのか検討した。その結果，各カテゴリー間に共通した要素が二つ示された。一点目は活用場面ごとに特徴的な使用方法はあるが，複数のカテゴリーの活用場面で同様の活用方法がとられていること，二点目はプログラミング学習における活用が検討されていることである。さらに今後の課題として，客観的にタブレット端末活用の成果を評価した実践報告が求められることと，児童生徒の特性に合わせた支援を継続的に検討することの二点が示された。With the realization of the GIGA school concept, one terminal per student has been introduced and a high-speed, large-capacity communication network has been developed, and the utilization of ICT is progressing even in the special-needs schools. This study has examined how tablet computers are used by the students at special schools for intellectual disabilities by dividing the situations in which they are used into five categories, and organizing the Japanese research papers and practice reports accordingly. We found two common elements among the categories: first, although there are unique ways of using tablets in each situation, similar methods are used in several categories of situations, and second, the use of tablets in programming learning is being considered. Furthermore, we have indicated the need for objective evaluation of the results of practices using tablet computers and the continuous study of the methods of use tailored to the studentsʼ characteristics as future issued

コロナカ デモ ガクセイ ガ リンチ オ イメージデキル ロウネン カンゴガク ジッシュウ 2 ノ クフウ

2020年度の老年看護学実習Ⅱは、新型コロナウイルス感染症の蔓延のため、臨地で実習をすることはできなかった。そのため、コロナ禍でも学生が臨地をイメージできるように、実習目的・目標は大幅に変更せずに工夫を行った。工夫した点は大きく三つである。一つ目は実習施設と遠隔ツールを用いた実習をしたことである。事前に教員が施設の受け持ち高齢者の情報を得て、学生に提示し、紙面上の情報のみでなく高齢者と直接コミュニケーションをとり情報を得る機会を設け、ケアプランの一部を実施した。二つ目は遠隔ツールを通して実習指導者の参加と助言を得る機会を設定したことである。全ての施設ではないが、施設オリエンテーション、学生が立案したケアプラン、レクリエーション、最終カンファレンスと４日間接続して助言を受けた。三つ目は高齢者への援助方法を紹介した動画を作成したことである。高齢者への援助は、体調に応じながら本人の持っている力を活かすことや尊厳に配慮することを基本とする。そのため、臨地の実際の場面をイメージできるような援助動画を作成し学生に提供した。今後は高齢者への看護技術を体験できる演習も組み合わせる必要があると考えている

Comparative study of the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation and oral administration of branched-chain amino acid on preventing sarcopenia in patients after living-donor liver transplantation: study protocol for an open-label randomized controlled trial

Background: Liver cirrhosis is the irreversible fibrosis of the liver and causes refractory ascites and hepatic encephalopathy, which might not respond to treatment. Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is an effective treatment for patients with cirrhosis. However, post-LDLT patients are prone to muscle atrophy and sarcopenia. Therefore, physiotherapy of post-LDLT patients is essential for preventing the progression of sarcopenia. Recently, rehabilitation using neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been reported to be useful for preventing the progression of sarcopenia. Similarly, nutrition therapy is essential for post-LDLT patients because these patients frequently experience malnutrition. However, the effects of combined NMES and nutrition therapy on post-LDLT patients remain unknown. Methods/design: This open-label, randomized, parallel-group study will compare the effects of combined therapy with NMES and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) with those of NMES alone in patients with decompensated cirrhosis after LDLT. After LDLT, 50 patients with decompensated cirrhosis will be randomly assigned to receive NMES with BCAA or NMES without BCAA. The duration of the intervention will be 3 months. To analyze the change in skeletal muscle mass, InBody 770 body composition and body water analysis and ultrasonography will be performed before LDLT and 4 weeks and 12 weeks post-LDLT. The primary endpoint is changes in the skeletal muscle mass from baseline to 3 months. Important secondary endpoints are the changes in the skeletal muscle mass from baseline to 1 month and changes in the quadriceps strength from baseline to 1 month. Discussion: The results of this study are expected to provide evidence regarding the effect of NMES combined with BCAA therapy on the skeletal muscle of post-LDLT patients. Trial registration: Japan Registry of Clinical Research jRCTs071190051. Registered on February 26, 2020