Forming A Pedagogue’s Research Competences in Innovative Educational Environment

Changes that take place in different spheres of life in Russia (economic, political, social, cultural) determine new requirements to the goals, values, functions of education in providing the development and self-realization of students. A graduate of a modern school should master a complex of information and research skills, and have critical and creative thinking. Research methodology. The orientation of education towards the growth of a student as a person, bearer of certain individual peculiarities, and activity subject may be of use only if an effective strategy of pedagogic work is developed. Such a strategy should be scientifically grounded on the basic principles of modern approaches implemented in pedagogy and psychology: humanistic, personality-, activity- and competence-oriented. Research results. Four spheres of a pedagogue’s professional activity in an innovative educational environment have been distinguished: sphere of analysis, synthesis and mastering pioneering pedagogic experience; sphere of popularization and initial practical use of pioneering pedagogic experience and advanced developments; sphere of the improvement of professional skills and realization of creative potential of a teacher; sphere of innovative processes in the system of education. Discussion. The essence of a pedagogue’s research activity is conditioned by the functions, which are based on the following factors: optimization of the teaching and educational process; specifically, structured controlled cognitive process; processes of self-improvement, self-instruction and selfeducation, self-realization; mastering professional pedagogic activity of a new level. Conclusion. Four levels of the development of a teacher’s research competences have been distinguished: basic, empiric (local and initiative), productive (tactical), and constructive (strategic)

First trimester prenatal screening in multiple pregnancies. Part II: serum proteins PAPP-A and β-hCG as markers of adverse pregnancy outcomes

Aim: to evaluate the ability of serum biochemical markers in pregnant woman - PAPP-A (pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A) and β-hCG (the в-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin) studied in the first trimester (11+0-13+6) during combined prenatal screening to predict adverse perinatal outcomes of multiple pregnancy that occurred spontaneously and as a result of in vitro fertilization (IVF).Materials and methods. The main group consisted from 65 women with pregnancy occurred as a result of IVF; comparison group included 56 women with spontaneous pregnancy. All pregnancies were multiple and their outcomes were known. Serum PAPP-A and β-hCG levels were measured in the first trimester. The results were expressed in absolute values and in MoM (multiples of median). Subgroups were compared with mono- and dichorionic pregnancies, complicated and uncomplicated pregnancies, distributed according to MoM index: within the reference values (0.5-2.0), below or above the reference values.Results. PAPP-A MoM values in the spontaneous pregnancy group were 1.12 [0.8; 1.57], in the IVF group - 1.35 [1.11; 1.72] (p = 0.01). In subgroup of low PAPP-A MoM antenatal fetal death occurred in 50 %, in subgroup of normal PAPP-A MoM - in 14.58 %, in subgroup of high PAPP-A MoM - in 5.88 % (p = 0.011). In addition, a positive correlation was found between serum PAPP-A level and time of fetal death (rs = 0.564; p = 0.036). Low PAPP-A MoM values were associated with 50 % fetal mortality, 75 % of them were attributable to pregnancy as a result of IVF.Conclusion. Identification of adverse outcomes in multiple pregnancies is still a difficult task, but evaluation of serum biochemical markers during the first trimester screening can help in early diagnosis of necessity and extent of timely prophylaxis

First trimester prenatal screening in multiple pregnancies. Part I: comparative analysis of serum proteins PAPP-A and p-hCG in pregnancies conceived spontaneously or by in vitro fertilization

Introduction. Serum proteins PAPP-A (pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A) and β-hCG (the в-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin) levels are components of the 1st trimester combined screening aimed to detect fetal aneuploidies. In contrast to singleton pregnancies, where the values are well established, this is not the case in twins.Aim: a comparative analysis of serum proteins PAPP-A and β-hCG levels, as well as parameters PAPP-A MoM and β-hCG MoM in the first trimester during pregnancy with dichorionic diamniotic twins that occurred spontaneously or as a result of in vitro fertilization (IVF).Materials and methods. The study group included multiple pregnancies as a result of IVF procedure (n = 100) and spontaneous multiple pregnancies (n = 121) considered as controls. The levels of PAPP-A, β-hCG, PAPP-A MoM and β-hCG MoM were compared using nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test.Results. The PAPP-A MoM level resulted higher in the group of IVF twins (p = 0,007) compared to spontaneous twins: 1.28 [0.97; 1.89] vs. 1.12 [0.87; 1.40] (median [interquartile range]). There were no statistically significant differences in в-hCG levels between the groups of IVF twins and spontaneous twins.Conclusion. The results justify the need for further study of PAPP-A and β-hCG to establish their association with adverse outcomes in both groups of multiple pregnancies

Оценка медицинских технологий в акушерстве: преимущества индивидуального консервативного ведения монохориальной беременности, осложненной синдромом обратной артериальной перфузии, перед хирургическим вмешательством

Introduction. Twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) syndrome is one of the types of complications of monochorial twins (MT) with a frequency of occurrence of 1:35000 births. It is characterized by the presence of the main vessel instead of a normal 4 chambers heart and intrauterine developmental abnormalities. This pregnancy requires monitoring using dynamic ultrasound diagnostics every 7 days, in accordance with current recommendations. The treatment is intrauterine laser coagulation of blood vessels of the “acardial fetus” (AP) in order to prevent the development of a threatening condition for the “fetal pump” (PP). Aim: to demonstrate the possibilities of comprehensive conservative management of monochorial pregnancy complicated by TRAP.Materials and methods. An ultrasound examinations were performed on a weekly basis in monochorionic pregnancy, complicated by TRAP within the period 12-38 weeks. Serum concentrations of biochemical markers PAPP-A (pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A) and β-hGC (β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin) were studied in the first trimester to predict adverse perinatal outcomes.Results. The possibility of prolonging a pregnancy complicated by TRAP without performing intrauterine surgical intervention, during which quite serious complications can occur in this category of pregnancies, has been demonstrated. In a patient with monochorionic twins complicated by TRAP, totally 27 ultrasound examinations were performed within the period 12-38 weeks. This approach made it possible to dynamically monitor the condition of a pregnant and healthy fetus and to prolong pregnancy without surgery until the full term.Conclusions. Following the existing guidelines, without tailoring for individual risk, may lead to an unreasonable increase in surgical interventions. In turn, surgery is not only accompanied by a high risk of complications (up to 15%), but also constitute a certain financial burden on the budget, determined by the state on the level of 208,000 rubles. Performing routine ultrasound examinations according to the examination protocol for monochorionic pregnancy will contribute to avoiding the complications associated with surgery and better selection for surgery as well as reducing the government costs. Введение. Синдром обратной артериальной перфузии (СОАП) – один из видов осложнений монохориальной двойни (МХ) с частотой встречаемости 1:35000 родов, характеризующийся наличием магистрального сосуда вместо полноценного сердца у одного близнеца (акардиальный плод) и нарушениями внутриутробного развития разной степени. Данная беременность требует наблюдения с динамикой ультразвукового исследования (УЗИ) каждые 7 дней, что определено практическими рекомендациями. Операцией выбора является внутриутробная лазерная коагуляция сосудов, питающих акардиальный плод (АП) с целью не допустить развития угрожающих состояний для плода-помпы (ПП).Цель – продемонстрировать возможности успешного консервативного ведения монохориальной беременности, осложненной СОАП.Материалы и методы. УЗИ при монохориальной беременности двойней проводилось еженедельно, в течение 12-38 недель беременности. В первом триместре выполнялось исследование сывороточных концентраций биохимических маркеров PAPP-A (англ. – pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A, ассоциированный с беременностью протеин-А плазмы) и β-ХГЧ (свободная бета-субъединица хорионического гонадотропина человека) с целью прогнозирования неблагоприятных перинатальных исходов.Результаты. Продемонстрирована возможность пролонгации беременности, осложненной СОАП, без выполнения внутриутробного хирургического вмешательства (ВХ), в ходе которого в данной категории беременностей могут иметь место достаточно серьезные осложнения. У пациентки с монохориальной двойней, осложненной развитием СОАП, было выполнено 27 УЗИ в период 12-38 недель. Такой подход позволил динамически наблюдать за состоянием беременной и здорового плода и пролонгировать беременность без проведения хирургической операции до доношенного срока.Заключение. Следование регламентированным практическим рекомендациям к проведению ВХ, без учета индивидуальных особенностей каждого отдельного случая, может потенциально приводить к необоснованному увеличению оперативных вмешательств, повышая прямые затраты. ВХ не только сопровождаются высоким риском осложнений (до 15%), но и накладывают высокую финансовую нагрузку на бюджет, определенный государством на сегодняшний день квотой 208000 рублей. Выполнение рутинного УЗИ, согласно протоколу обследования для МХ, может способствовать снижению риска осложнений, ассоциированных с ВХ, более качественному отбору потенциальных кандидатов для ВХ, а также связанному с этим снижению бюджетных затрат на оказание медицинской помощи

Thrombotic storm, hemostasis disorders and thromboinflammation in COVID-19

The rate of thrombosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) has been increasing in COVID-19 patients. Key features related to such condition include minimal or no risk of bleeding, moderate thrombocytopenia, high plasma fibrinogen as well as complement components level in the areas of thrombotic microangiopathy. The clinical picture is not typical for classic DIC. This review systematizes the pathogenetic mechanisms of hypercoagulation in sepsis and its extreme forms in patients with COVID-19. The latter consist of the thrombosis-related immune mechanisms, the complement activation, the macrophage activation syndrome, the formation of antiphospholipid antibodies, the hyperferritinemia, and the dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system. Taking into consideration the pathogenetic mechanisms, the biomarkers had been identified related to the prognosis of the disease development. Patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease and other risk factors, including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and aging pose the peak risk of dying from COVID-19. We also summarize new data on platelet and endothelial dysfunction, immunothrombosis, and, as a result, thrombotic storm as essential components of COVID-19 severe features

Health technology assessment in obstetrics: advantage of tailored conservative strategy vs surgical therapies of monochorionic twin complicated by TRAP-sequence

Introduction. Twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) syndrome is one of the types of complications of monochorial twins (MT) with a frequency of occurrence of 1:35000 births. It is characterized by the presence of the main vessel instead of a normal 4 chambers heart and intrauterine developmental abnormalities. This pregnancy requires monitoring using dynamic ultrasound diagnostics every 7 days, in accordance with current recommendations. The treatment is intrauterine laser coagulation of blood vessels of the “acardial fetus” (AP) in order to prevent the development of a threatening condition for the “fetal pump” (PP).  Aim : to demonstrate the possibilities of comprehensive conservative management of monochorial pregnancy complicated by TRAP. Materials and methods . An ultrasound examinations were performed on a weekly basis in monochorionic pregnancy, complicated by TRAP within the period 12-38 weeks. Serum concentrations of biochemical markers PAPP-A (pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A) and β-hGC (β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin) were studied in the first trimester to predict adverse perinatal outcomes. Results . The possibility of prolonging a pregnancy complicated by TRAP without performing intrauterine surgical intervention, during which quite serious complications can occur in this category of pregnancies, has been demonstrated. In a patient with monochorionic twins complicated by TRAP, totally 27 ultrasound examinations were performed within the period 12-38 weeks. This approach made it possible to dynamically monitor the condition of a pregnant and healthy fetus and to prolong pregnancy without surgery until the full term. Conclusions. Following the existing guidelines, without tailoring for individual risk, may lead to an unreasonable increase in surgical interventions. In turn, surgery is not only accompanied by a high risk of complications (up to 15%), but also constitute a certain financial burden on the budget, determined by the state on the level of 208,000 rubles. Performing routine ultrasound examinations according to the examination protocol for monochorionic pregnancy will contribute to avoiding the complications associated with surgery and better selection for surgery as well as reducing the government costs

Rationale for using integrated enzymatic preparation for receiving food fibers from secondary resources of vegetable material processing

The purpose of the work is to establish some rational modes of receipt of the food fibers (FF) from secondary resources of vegetable raw materials. Studying chemical properties of research objects has been carried out by standard methods in accordance with the GOST 26183–84, GOST 7636–85, GOST 25555.3–82, GOST 28561–90. Determination of reducing and not reducing sugars content has been performed by the cyanide method; determination of pectinaceous substances' content – by the calcium-pectate method. As an enzyme medicine the earlier not studied complex enzyme medicine of proteolytic and amilolytic action of Bacillus subtilis and Penicillium emersonii cultures has been tested. Studying heat stability of complex enzyme medicine has been carried out at varying of the hydrolysis temperature from 40 °C to 80 °C. The fractional composition of carbohydrates of secondary resources of aubergines, vegetable marrows and onions conversion has been researched. Content of FF (cellulose, gemitsellyuloza, pectin) in waste from conversion of vegetable marrows constitutes 42 % of general content of carbohydrates, aubergines – 39,2 %, and onion – 30,4 %. Chemical and carbohydrate structures of secondary resources of vegetable raw materials allow consider them as FF source, and also shows feasibility of their conversion without fractionation by the form of secondary resources. The rational modes of hydrolysis of vegetable raw materials secondary resources' mix for removing the accompanying organic compounds have been determined. The maximum proteolytic activity of enzyme medicine takes place at the temperature of 50 °C, amilolytic activity – at 70 °C. In case of рН increase from 2.0 to 6.0 proteolytic and amilolytic activity reaches the maximum and constitutes 94 % and 95 % respectively, in case of further increase рН the activity decreases. The rational value of рН of reactionary environment when carrying out enzymatic hydrolysis in the presence of enzyme medicine is рН equal to 6.0. The received results allow set the rational modes of enzyme medicine effect (temperature and рН) necessary for carrying out enzymatic hydrolysis of secondary resources of aubergines, vegetable marrows and onion processing

Терминосистема гидротехники: диффузность терминополей и полицентричность

The presents a study of the lexical units of the language of the specialty “Hydrotechnikal Сonstruction” based on a selection of dictionaries, textbooks, articles, regulations and scientific and journalistic texts. There is analysis of concepts of term, terminological field, terminological system, core and their interpretation in the scientific literature. The purpose of the study is to propose a thematic and derivational classification of hydrotechical terms to build a model of a terminological system. The multidimensionality of the hydrotechnical profile, including construction, hydrology and ecology, as well as related to biology, hydropower generation, navigation, agriculture and other branches of scientific and practical activity, is noted. In this regard, a horizontal structure of the terminological fields of the hydrotechnical system is proposed; the set of lexical units of the language of the specialty “hydraulic engineering” is considered as an ordered terminological system with a multi-core structure. The polycentricity of the system of hydrotechnical terms and the difusseness of its constituent microfields has been proved using a quantitative method. The novelty of the study is caused by the specifics of the material, which has been little studied so far, as well as the approach to its systematization. Observation of the hydrotechnical vocabulary made it possible to put forward a hypothesis about the relatively small number of borrowings in its corpus, which in turn determines the ambivalent nature of many hydrotechnical terms and the diffuseness of the microfields that form the terminological system. The study of hydrotechnical terms showed that the process of formation of terminological units can take place in a different sequence: from word to term or from term to word. Moreover, along with the term, its etymon can continue to be used in the general literary language. Derivation is active; however, the borrowing of terms is not the main source of replenishment of hydrotechnical terminology. The conclusions are drawn about the special structure of the terminological system, which reflects the multidimensional nature of. The Hydrotechnikal Сonstruction”, polycentric nature of the hydrotechnical terminological system, which includes intersecting term fields, is explained by the history of the industry and inter-industry relations. The results are necessary for the preparation of a manual for foreigners studying this discipline in Russian, which represents the relevance and practical significance of the study.Представлено исследование лексических единиц языка специальности «Гидротехника» на основе выборки из словарей, учебных пособий, статей, нормативных актов и научно-публицистических текстов. Анализируются понятия термин, терминополе, терминосистема, ядро и их интерпретация в научной литературе. Цель исследования - предложить тематическую и деривационную классификацию терминов гидротехники для построения модели терминосистемы. Отмечается многоаспектность гидротехнического профиля, включающего строительство, гидрологию и экологию, а также связанного с биологией, энергетикой, судоходством, сельским хозяйством и другими отраслями науки и практики. Предложена горизонтальная структура терминополей гидротехнической системы; совокупность лексических единиц языка специальности «гидротехника» рассматривается как упорядоченная терминосистема с многоядерной структурой. Полицентричность системы гидротехнических терминов и диффузность составляющих ее микрополей доказана с помощью количественного метода. Новизна исследования обусловлена спецификой материала, который мало изучен, а также подходом к его систематизации. Наблюдение над гидротехнической лексикой позволили выдвинуть гипотезу об относительно малом количестве заимствований в ее корпусе, что в свою очередь обуславливает амбивалентный характер многих гидротехнических терминов и диффузность микрополей, образующих терминосистему. Исследование гидротехнических терминов показало, что процесс становления терминологических единиц может проходить в различной последовательности: от слова к термину или от термина к слову. Наряду с термином, его этимон может продолжать использоваться в общелитературном языке. Активна деривация; однако заимствование терминов не является основным источником пополнения гидротехнической терминологии. В заключении статьи делаются выводы об особой структуре терминосистемы, отображающей многоаспектность гидротехники. Полицентричный характер гидротехнической терминосистемы, включающей пересекающиеся терминополя, объясняется историей отрасли и межотраслевыми связями. Полученные результаты необходимы для подготовки пособия для иностранцев, изучающих данную дисциплину на русском языке, что представляет актуальность и практическую значимость исследования

Methodology of a Strategy Formation for Innovative Development of the Educational Complex in the Information Society

The article is devoted to the management of innovative development of complicated socio-economic systems. Such a system is the educational system and its institutional forms, united into the concept of “educational complex”. Models and tasks of implementing the innovative development of the non-state (commercial) and budget (state) sectors of educational complexes are shown in this work. The following principles are proposed as the basis of the concept of innovative development of education in the conditions of the information society: the maximum usage of opportunities, which are provided by the information society; assistance in the formation and development of a single information and communication space. As an example of analysis of the quality of innovative processes occurring in educational complexes, a mathematical model of a distance educational system, which is based on the methods and means of the theory of self-organization – synergetics, is proposed. It is concluded that the implementation of the methodology for managing the innovative development of the educational complex creates the prerequisites for building a quality management system for the educational process

Methods for Checking Graduate Qualifying Thesis for the Volume of Borrowing

The article is devoted to the issues of checking a graduate qualifying thesis for the volume of borrowed text and the problems of controlling the circumvention of this check. We considered some variants of widely used methods of verification bypass in MS Word documents, a method of the bypass, because of which a large amount of the unique text will take part in the verification. We analyzed various ways of implementing this method in MS Word documents and considered options for software and manual control of this method