Cyclophosphamide-induced intractable hemorrhagic cystitis treated with hyperbaric oxygenation and intravesical sodium hyaluronate

AbstractCyclophosphamide is a well-known cause of hemorrhagic cystitis. However, the best treatment for hemorrhagic cystitis is still unknown. Herein, we present a patient with cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. The patient had a history of myasthenia gravis and had received cyclophosphamide therapy for 14 years. He was admitted due to gross hematuria, which was initially treated by cystoscopic fulguration, followed by continuous bladder irrigation. Due to refractory hemorrhaging, fulguration was repeated and percutaneous suprapubic cystostomy was performed. The bladder hemorrhage eventually subsided after hyperbaric oxygen therapy and intravesical sodium hyaluronate instillation. The combination of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and intravesical sodium hyaluronate instillation may be useful in severe hemorrhagic cystitis caused by cyclophosphamide