Human trafficking and organised crime

international economy;illegal immigration;international migration;organized crime

Human Security and the Governmentality of Neo-Liberal Mobility: A Feminist Perspective

Transnational migration and its implications for human security as a policy field constitute one of the most complex issues of our time. Current experiences of displacement and security spans between a cyber world characterized by hyper mobility of finance, technology, information and the ‘cosmopolitan’ values of a ‘flexible citizenship’ (Ong, 1999) to the world of human trafficking and smuggling of migrants and refugees as a mode of mobility adopted by people who cross borders on foot, by boat, trucks and planes who are often abandoned to die when arrangements break down (Eschbach/Hagan/Rodriguez, 2001; El-Cherkeh/Hella, 2004). The extant legal vacuum reflects unresolved conflicts of interest at different levels and poses a great challenge to the right to mobility as an expression of the liberal ideal of individual liberty.feminist perspective;human security;neo-liberal mobility

Liberalisation, care and the struggle for women's social citizenship in Vietnam

social policy;subsidies;Viet Nam;economic liberalization;care work;women workers;women's rights

Gender and enterprise development in Vietnam under Doi-Moi : issues for policy, research and training

Viet Nam;economic development;gender equality;small enterprises;women entrepreneurs

Daubert and Judicial Review: How Does An Administrative Agency Distinguish Valid Science from Junk Science?

This broad authority to assess risk, however, leaves too much discretion to administrative agencies. Even more disturbing is the fact that different agencies assess the same risks differently, which leads to inconsistent results. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), for example, in determining the cancer risks from pesticides on food, produced an estimated risk of cancer mortality ten times greater than the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). To use a law and economics model, valuing equivalent (or identical) risks differently leaves open the possibility of economic misallocation. For example, if one agency has determined the proper level of risk, and assuming that both agencies must regulate the risk to reduce it to its optimal level, the second agency is either over- or under-regulating. If an agency over-regulates, the agency is merely addressing a threat whose benefits are so marginal that the spending no longer justifies the cost of the additional regulation. But if an agency under-regulates, potential lives may be lost that could have been saved by more regulation. Unless agencies recognize that inconsistencies may occur if they fail to examine their regulations in a broader context, an agencies’ regulation of one environmental risk may actually increase the danger posed by a collateral risk. For example, if an agency decides to close a nuclear power plant to reduce the risk of radiation poisoning, there may actually be an increase in the potential damage from acid rain as people burn more fossil fuels to compensate for the nuclear power plant closing