Microwave study of the effect of cold argon plasma on functional state of rat’s skin

The purpose of this study was a comparative study of the dielectric parameters of rat skin when treated with argon and argon cold plasma. The experiment was performed on 40 male Wistar rats divided into 4 equal groups. The first group of animals (n=10) was a control (intact). The rats of the remaining groups (n=10 in each) were treated daily with a pre-epilated area of the skin of the back (area = 1x1 cm). The duration of the course for all experienced groups is 10 procedures. Animals of the second group were treated with a non–ionized argon stream (the duration of one procedure was 1 minute), rats of the third and fourth groups were treated with argon cold plasma (1 and 2 minutes, respectively). Cold plasma generation was performed using a device using the principle of microwave ionization of a gas stream. Argon of high purity (99.99%) was used as the latter. The dielectric parameters of the skin of animals in the treated area (in control group rats – at a similar point in the back) were evaluated upon completion of a full course of exposure. For this purpose, a specialized software and hardware complex was used, providing near-field resonant microwave probing of biological tissues. It was found that the course treatment of the skin of the back of rats with gas streams with different ionization causes the formation of a specific functional-metabolic and morpho-structural response. Its character is determined by the parameters of the gas flow used: non-ionized argon significantly reduces the dielectric parameters (permeability and conductivity), and the result of the action of cold argon plasma depends on the exposure. During one-minute treatment, tissue permeability was observed to remain intact with a moderate decrease in conductivity. In the case of an increase in the exposure time to 2 minutes, the dielectric constant increased, and the conductivity remained unchanged

Comparative analysis of country models of social responsibility in small and medium-sized enterprises

Background. The relevance of the work is due to the differences in approaches to the definition of social responsibility in the state context, as well as the peculiarities of the formation of the concept of social responsibility in Russia. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of country models of social responsibility of small and medium-sized enterprises. Materials and methods. The approaches to the definition of social responsibility of K. Davis, M. Van Marreviik, M. Friedman, M. Porter, A. N. Averin were considered; foreign models related to the analysis of the social responsibility of small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as data from the author’s sociological research using the questionnaire survey method (n = 418) are presented. Results. The key aspects related to the definition of social responsibility by representatives of small and medium-sized businesses in Russia and in foreign countries are considered. The key manifestations of social respon-sibility of small and medium-sized enterprises in the understanding of domestic and foreign entrepreneurs are identified. The similarities and differences between the models of social responsibility at the state level are revealed. Conclusions. The Russian model of social re-sponsibility of small and medium-sized enterprises is formed to a lesser extent than the leading foreign concepts. Most representatives of domestic small and medium-sized enterprises associate social responsibility with the need to improve aspects of the internal environment of enterprises, while in the modern environment of small and medium-sized enterprises, a common position regarding the understanding of the phenomenon of social responsibility has not been formed. The similarity between domestic and foreign models of social responsibility lies in the complexity of the approach to the study of this phenomenon, which is expressed in the analysis of both internal and external manifestations. Among the differences, it should be noted that foreign models pay more attention to the analysis of external manifestations, including communication with customers, as well as consideration of the ethical aspect of social responsibility

Microwave study of the effect of cold argon plasma on functional state of rat’s skin

The purpose of this study was a comparative study of the dielectric parameters of rat skin when treated with argon and argon cold plasma. The experiment was performed on 40 male Wistar rats divided into 4 equal groups. The first group of animals (n=10) was a control (intact). The rats of the remaining groups (n=10 in each) were treated daily with a pre-epilated area of the skin of the back (area = 1x1 cm). The duration of the course for all experienced groups is 10 procedures. Animals of the second group were treated with a non–ionized argon stream (the duration of one procedure was 1 minute), rats of the third and fourth groups were treated with argon cold plasma (1 and 2 minutes, respectively). Cold plasma generation was performed using a device using the principle of microwave ionization of a gas stream. Argon of high purity (99.99%) was used as the latter. The dielectric parameters of the skin of animals in the treated area (in control group rats – at a similar point in the back) were evaluated upon completion of a full course of exposure. For this purpose, a specialized software and hardware complex was used, providing near-field resonant microwave probing of biological tissues. It was found that the course treatment of the skin of the back of rats with gas streams with different ionization causes the formation of a specific functional-metabolic and morpho-structural response. Its character is determined by the parameters of the gas flow used: non-ionized argon significantly reduces the dielectric parameters (permeability and conductivity), and the result of the action of cold argon plasma depends on the exposure. During one-minute treatment, tissue permeability was observed to remain intact with a moderate decrease in conductivity. In the case of an increase in the exposure time to 2 minutes, the dielectric constant increased, and the conductivity remained unchanged