Flexible generators for software reuse and evolution (NIER track)

10.1145/1985793.1985946Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering920-923PCSE

Review of the Minimus Complex of **Anopheles**, main malaria vector in Southeast Asia: from taxonomic issues to vector control strategies

Summary background The Minimus Complex of Anopheles subgenus Cellia is composed of two sibling species, A and C, on the Southeast Asian mainland, and a third allopatric species E that occurs in the Ryukyu Archipelago (Japan), a malaria-free region. Anopheles minimus s.l. is considered to be one of the main malaria vector in the hilly forested regions of Southeast Asia. Despite a large number of studies over its range of distribution, it is difficult to have a global view of the ecological and bionomical characteristics of the individual species as different identification methods were used, generally without specific identification of the sibling species. objectives (1) To review the main malaria studies on An. minimus s.l.; (2) to discuss recently pub-lished data on the biology and ecology of each sibling species; and (3) to identify gaps in our under-standing of the Minimus Complex. review results Major biological and ecological trends are addressed, such as the high plasticity of trophic behaviour and the sympatry of species A and C over the Southeast Asian mainland. Despite the availability of rapid molecular identification methods, we still lack important information concerning the biological characteristics of each sibling species. These gaps must be filled in the future because An. minimus species A and C may exhibit different abilities to transmit malaria. conclusion We expect that entomological surveys will employ molecular methods to clearly identify these two species, and thus elucidate the biological characteristics of each species. As a consequence, current vector control strategies will be improved by targeting the most efficient vectors

Evaluation of phenolics and bioactivities of Camellia quephongensis leaf extracts as affected by various extraction solvents

Camellia quephongensis is an endemic Theaceae species from Central Vietnam. In the present study, phenolics in extracts from leaves of this plant species were quantified. Additionally, free radical scavenging activities, α-amylase and albumin denaturation inhibitory effects of the extracts were evaluated. Catechins were found at significantly higher concentrations in the methanolic and ethanolic extracts compared to the other extracts. The ethanolic extract showed the most potent radical scavenging activities determined by ABTS and DPPH assays, with IC50 values of 57.88 ± 1.89 and 47.87 ± 0.16 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the capacity of this extract to counteract ABTS radicals was comparable with that of ascorbic acid. The ethyl acetate extract exerted the strongest α-amylase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 985.79 ± 16.37 μg/mL). The aqueous methanolic extract with the lowest IC50 value (57.56 ± 3.28 μg/mL) exhibited the highest protective effect on albumin against denaturation, and this was even higher than that of diclofenac. The correlation analysis demonstrated that catechins and ferulic acid may play important roles in radical scavenging activities while gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, and rutin could contribute to albumin denaturation inhibitory effects of the extracts. The findings of the study improve our understanding of bioactive phenolics and potential health benefits associated with C. quephongensis leaves