Accumulation of biologically active substances in peppermint varieties

Biologically active substances (BAS) are substances that play an important role in the life of organisms. They are involved in various processes, such as metabolism, regulation of growth and development, homeostasis maintenance. We can get natural biological substances from various plants. Such BAS include essential oils, which are essential in the relationship of plants with the environment. The accumulation of essential oils is influenced, among other things, by plant life expectancy. The article considers the dynamics of the accumulation of essential oils and individual components of a perennial peppermint plant by the years of crop cultivation

Potential of agricultural universities in the development of organic farming in Russia

This paper describes research on the readiness and potential contribution of agricultural universities dealing with organic farming in Russia. We have identified areas of training and academic disciplines incorporating organic farming issues and revealed the most demanded programs of further professional education in it. Best practices of scientific research in organic farming that can be conveyed in the training process have also been established. The authors have set goals in the near-term prospect for personnel training in Russian agricultural universities

Citrus essential oils as biologically active substances in the human health preventive care

The work is devoted to the comparative analysis of the component composition of the essential oil of some species of the genus Citrus of different origin. Essential oil was extracted from the peel of kumquat (Citrus japonica Thunb.), lime (Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle), and limequat (Citrus x floridana (J.W. Ingram & H.E. Moore) Mabb.) fruits by steam distillation using a modified Ginzberg receiver. The component composition of the essential oil has been established by the GC-MS method. In the studied species of the genus Citrus, the content of the main component of limonene varies from 50 to 95%. Differences are observed in the quantitative ratio of some components that relate to terpene hydrocarbons, alcohols, and their esters

Biologically active substances of plants of the Cupressaceae family of the genus Thuya and the genus Juniperus for phyto- and aromatherapy

Biologically active substances of plants of the Cupressaceae family, especially the genera Thuja and Juniperus, are used in various sectors of the national economy. The quality of essential oils is determined by a set of chemical compounds and their concentrations. In this case, the quality is determined by the ratio between the macro- and micro-components of essential oils. More than 40 biologically active compounds in essential oils have been determined by gas chromatography, which may also depend on the growing region of these plants

Genetical influence on histological structure and chemical composition of muscular tissue in sheep

The effect of different genotypes kept in the same feeding level on microstructure and chemical composition of muscular tissue (musculus longissimus dorsi) of sheep has studied. The study aims to see how the gene combination of different breeds influences the mentioned problem. It was revealed that sheep muscular tissue obtained by crossing the North-Caucasian breeds (NC) and Texel (T) was characterized by a larger quantity of muscular fibres by 4.73 % and 10.14% (P<0.05), and a smaller diameter by 5.65 % and 18.6% (P< 0.05), a higher evaluation of marbling by 5.2 and 8.3 points, less connective tissue content by 0.8 and 1.3 absolute percentage compared to thoroughbred North-Caucasian and from crossing North-Caucasian with Poll Dorset (PD). It showed that meat obtained from crossing animals of the T×NC variant is more delicate, succulent, and has a total higher quality and consumer properties. The results of different crossing indicate the reasonability to use morphological characteristics of muscular tissue on the histological level when the quality of sheep slaughtering performance had evaluated

Keynesian approach to economy regulation: answers to the challenges facing the agro-industrial complex

The paper presents the main aspects of the Keynesian theory of state economic policy in the context of responding to global challenges and national barriers facing the development of the Russian agro-industrial complex. The purpose of the work is to explore the possibilities of the Keynesian approach to respond to the challenges facing the agro-industrial complex of modern Russia. The methodological basis of the study is an integrated approach. The study identifies the main postulates of Keynesian theory. On the basis of macroeconomic models of aggregate demand and aggregate supply, the Keynesian cross, the features of the Keynesian approach to the regulation of economic activity in terms of investment, savings, and consumption are formulated. The Keynesian macroeconomic model of state policy is presented, implemented by increasing the real volume of investment expenditures through fiscal and monetary policies; methods of increasing effective solvent demand; reducing the fiscal burden on the population and business. The limits of the application of Keynesian methods are defined: "liquidity trap”; the emergence of a chronic budget deficit; the attenuation of the multiplier-acceleration mechanism; “stagflation”; “inflationary spiral”. The relevance of the application of Keynesian methods of regulation in the modern Russian agro-industrial complex is substantiated: fiscal methods can have a beneficial effect on the development of agriculture: the growth of investments in the agricultural sector by 1%, stimulates economic growth in the industry by 0.64%; monetary methods have a long-term significant impact on the agricultural sector development; an increase in effective solvent demand for food in conditions of insufficient demand for food products in Russia is of high importance; a reduction in the fiscal burden can have a beneficial impact on agriculture development

Diversity of CRISPR loci in <i>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis</i> strains and their association with pathogenicity factors

Introduction. Heterogeneous microbial populations exist in the nature due to exchange of genetic material containing in extrachromosomal and transposable elements. Structures controlling horizontal gene transfer may affect development of pathogen genetic variants. The aim of the study is to analyze molecular genetic characteristics of CRISPR-loci in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis strains circulating in Russia and their association with pathogenicity factors. Materials and methods. We studied 56 strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis isolated from different sources in Russia during 19352014 from various sources in different regions of Russian Federation and in other countries. DNA fragments with CRISPR-loci were isolated and amplified by PCR, and subjected to Sanger sequencing. PCR was used to determine chromosomal genes of superantigen ypmA/C, pathogenicity islands HPI, YAPI, and plasmids pYV and pVM82. Results. Analysis of CRISPR-loci in Y. pseudotuberculosis showed that spacer content varies in strains depending on serotype, set of pathogenicity factors, and isolation place. The most variable loci are YP1 and YP3, locus YP2 is homogeneous. Locus YP1 varies in strains that differ by presence of plasmid pVM82, while content of locus YP3 depends on presence of plasmid pVM82 and adhesion pathogenicity island YAPI. Conclusion. Strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis circulating in Russia have a huge diversity of pathogenicity factors and CRISPR spacer content. Most of Russian strains differ by molecular markers from strains isolated in other countries. High variability is defined by ability to get new genetic elements in horizontal gene transfer. In bacteria, CRISPR-Cas system provides immunity against mobile genetic elements and can participate in formation of Y. pseudotuberculosis pathogenic potential

FACTORS OF CRITICAL SUCCESS OF THE STAVROPOL STATE AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY

The article highlights the University strategic objectivesand the target results of the activities, which the University should strive for to increase the competitiveness and achieving success at the market of educational services. The necessary conditions to ensure the competitiveness in agrarian education are the acceleration of growth rate, accretion of resource potential, integration of different levels of agrarian education as well as retention of the originality of educational traditions. Special attention is paid to the factors promoting realization of the University mission