Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase/AmpC-Producing E Coli in Dogs Treated with Antimicrobials in Surgical Wards

The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence and carriage of Extended Spec - trum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC- producing strains of E. coli and Klebsi - ella spp in hospitalized dogs treated with antimicrobials. Tissue and fecal samples from 66 dogs were analyzed for presence of AmpC or ESBL producing bacteria. The dogs had to have been admitted to the surgical ward for at least 24 hours and have received antimicrobial treatment. Samples were plated onto bovine blood agar and after incubation for 24 + 24 h, five colonies morphologically consistent with E.coli and Klebsiella spp , were selected and recultured onto media containing antimicrobials. Dogs carrying ESBL/AmpC- producing bacteria were retested for rectal colonisation at 3-6 months intervals for up to 16 months. Five (7.6%) dogs carried bacterial strains posi - tive for ESBL/AmpC- producing- genes in feces. All tissue samples were negative. One dog, previously positive for bla CMY-2 , carried ESBL genotype bla TEM-52 , in the second sample. Four dogs remained posi - tive throughout the testing. None of the dogs had signs of infection or symptoms associ - ated with the carriage of ESBL or plasmid mediated-AmpC- producing bacteria. Seven unique MLVA-types were identified. The results from this study show fecal car - riage for as long as 16 months of ESBL/ AmpC- producing E.coli in dogs treated with antimicrobials. Although clonal spread could not be verified in this study, the risk of dissemination of multiresistant bacteria in animal hospitals and in the community must be considered

Carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in dogs--a longitudinal study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Methicillin-resistant <it>S. pseudintermedius </it>strains (MRSP) are reported with increasing frequency in bacterial cultures from dogs. The objectives of this study were to determine whether MRSP could be found in dogs several months after a clinically apparent infection and whether the length of carriage varied depending on systemic antimicrobial treatment, diagnosis at time of the first positive MRSP culture and the presence of skin disease or wounds. Thirty-one dogs previously diagnosed with a clinical infection were sampled repeatedly for a minimum of eight months or, with the exception of two dogs, until two consecutive negative results were obtained. Five specified locations were sampled, and the results were evaluated to determine future recommendations concerning sample strategies when screening for MRSP carriage. Information was collected from medical records and questionnaires to evaluate factors that may influence length of carriage.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The overall median length of MRSP carriage was 11 months (48 weeks). The presence of wounds and signs of dermatitis did not influence length of carriage. Systemic treatment for three weeks or longer with antimicrobial agents to which the bacterium was resistant was associated with prolonged carriage compared to dogs treated for a shorter period of time. Three of five dogs treated with an antimicrobial to which their MRSP-isolates were susceptible (tetracycline) were found to still be MRSP-positive when sampled after the end of treatment. Wound samples had the highest positive MRSP yield (81%) for the positive sample sites, compared to less than 70% for each of the other four sample sites. Cultures from the nostrils were less likely to detect MRSP carriage relative to the pharynx, perineum, wounds and the corner of the mouth.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Dogs can carry MRSP for more than a year after a clinically apparent infection. Systemic antimicrobial treatment of infections with antimicrobial agents to which the MRSP-bacteria are resistant should be avoided when possible in dogs with possible or confirmed MRSP carriage or infection, since it may prolong time of MRSP carriage. Simultaneous sampling of pharynx, perineum, and the corner of the mouth as well as wounds when present is recommended when screening for MRSP. Cultures from nostrils were shown to be less likely to detect MRSP carriage.</p

Neutrophil functions in the dog /

At head of title: Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden and the Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.Thesis is based on the five previously published papers reprinted here.Includes bibliographical references