PROTECTING OUTCOME OF ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION OF AQUEOUS-METHANOL: 40:60 EXTRACT OF SEED OF MYRISTICA FRAGRANS HOUTT. IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC RAT: A DOSE DEPENDENT STUDY

Objective: The investigation has been conducted to find out the threshold dose of ethyl acetate fraction prepared from aqueous-methanol (40:60) extract of seed of Myristica fragrans (Houtt.) from the dose dependent experiment by noting the remedial effects of the said fraction on different complications developed in streptozotocin induced diabetic rat.Methods: Diabetic condition was made by single intramascular injection of streptozotocin at a dose of 4 mg/0.1 ml citrate buffer/100 g body weight. Treatment was conducted at different doses for 28 d on diabetic rat. Efficacy of the fraction on fasting blood glucose (FBG) and serum insulin levels, activities of key carbohydrate metabolic enzymes such as hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase of hepatic and skeletomuscular tissue as well as antioxidative enzymes like catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) in connection with the levels of oxidative stress end products such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), conjugated diene (CD) in hepatic and renal tissue and gene expression of hexokinase-1, SOD, Bax, Bcl-2 in hepatic tissue were assessed.Results: After different doses of fraction treatment to the diabetic animals; FBG, serum insulin levels and activities of carbohydrate metabolic enzymes i.e. hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphatase were rectified towards the control at the level of p<0.05. There is a significant (p<0.05) recovery in the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and SOD in respect to the vehicle treated diabetic group. Oxidative stress end products such as CD and TBARS levels were increased significantly (p<0.05) in vehicle treated diabetic rats and was rectified significantly (p<0.05) after fraction treatment at the dose of 10 mg or 20 mg or 40 mg fraction treated group. Gene expression of hexokinase-1, superoxide dismutase, bax and bcl-2 was rectified towards vehicle treated control significantly at the level of p<0.05 after treatment of different doses of fractions to the diabetic animals.Conclusion: The study indicates that the seeds of Myristica fragrans at the dose of 20 mg/100 g body weight possess most effective outcome to manage diabetic disorders in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

Antitesticular activities of different solvent fractions from hydro-methanol (2:3) extract of Cuminum cyminum in albino rat: A Comparative analysis

Currently available contraceptives are associated with adverse effects. So, search on safer agents in this purpose is one of the priority areas of WHO. Our previous study showed a significant antifertility effect of hydro-methanol extract of Cuminum cyminum Linn (Umbelliferae) in male albino rat. The main objective of this work isto search outthe potentfraction of hydro-methanol extract of seed of Cuminum cyminum in adult male albino rat for the development of herbal male contraceptive to reduce the bio-burden of phytomolecules. The n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol fractions of the hydro-methanol (2:3) extract of seed of Cuminum cyminum were administrated orally to male rat. Results showed the maximum antitesticular activity of chloroform fraction (CH-Fr) than other fractions included here. Treatment with CH-Fr fraction resulted a significant inhibition in spermiological parameters, activities of testicular androgenic key enzymes and antioxidative enzymes, levels of serum testosterone and seminal vesicular fructose, number of different generations of germ cells at stage VII of spermatogenic cell cycle and seminiferous tubular diameter (STD) along with significant increase in the level of testicular cholesterol in respect to the control. Significant upward and downward expression in Bax and Bcl-2 gene of male germ cells were indicated which focussed the sperm apoptotic enhancer activities of the fraction. The findings indicated that among the said four different fractions, the chloroform fraction of the hydro-methanol extract of the seed of Cuminum cyminum had most effective antitesticular activity

Male contraceptive efficacy of poly herbal formulation, contracept-TM, composed of aqueous extracts of Terminalia chebula fruit and Musa balbisiana seed in rat

Context: Terminalia chebula Retz (Combretaceae) and Musa balbisiana Colla (Musaceae) have a traditional reputation as a male contraceptive. Objective: To determine the hypo-testicular activity of aqueous extracts of Terminalia chebula (fruit) and Musa balbisiana (seed) separately, and in composite manner at the ratio of 1:1 named as ‘Contracept-TM’ compared to cyproterone acetate (CPA), for developing a polyherbal contraceptive. Materials and methods: The separate extract of above said plants or ‘Contracept-TM’ at the dose of 40 mg/100 g body weight of rat/day or CPA at 2 mg/100 g body weight of rat/day was administered for 28 days. Spermiological, androgenic and oxidative stress sensors, LD50 and ED50/100 g body weight values were measured. Results: Treatment of individual, ‘Contracept-TM’ or CPA resulted significant decrease in the count of spermatogonia A (36.36–49.09%), pre-leptotene spermatocyte (19.11–55.30%), mid-pachytene spermatocyte (28.65–47.28%) and step 7 spermatid (29.65–51.59%). Activities of testicular Δ5, 3β (21.25–48.02%),17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (29.75–55.08%), catalase (19.06–43.29%) and peroxidase (30.76–62.82%), levels of testosterone (28.15–63.44%), testicular cholesterol (19.61–49.33%), conjugated diene (29.69–84.99%) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (41.25–86.73%) were elevated compare to the control. The ED50 and LD50 values were 40 mg and 5.8 g (T. chebula), 48 mg and 6.3 g (M. bulbisiana), 40 mg and 6.0 g (‘Contracept-TM’), respectively. Discussion and conclusion: The said spermiological and androgenic sensors’ levels were decreased significantly by ‘Contracept-TM’ than its constitutional individual plant extract and it may be comparable to standard anti-testicular drug like CPA. So, it may be concluded that above polyherbal formulation is potent for inducing hypo-testicular activity

Anti-fertility effect of aqueous-ethanolic (1:1) extract of the fruit of Terminalia chebula: Rising approach towards herbal contraception

Objective: To explore the anti-fertility efficacy of aqueous-ethanolic (1:1) extract of fruits of Terminalia chebula (T. chebula). Methods: Aqueous-ethanolic (1:1) extract of fruit of T. chebula was administered orally at a dose of 60 mg/0.5 mL distilled water/day for 28 days. Different parameters were studied including body weight, relative weight of reproductive organ, sperm motility, sperm count, testicular cholesterol, plasma testosterone, testicular androgenic key enzymes such as Δ5, 3β-HSD and 17-β-HSD, bio-markers of oxidative stress, toxicity study and histological analysis of the tissues. Results: The treated group showed a significant diminution in spermatogenic profile. On the other hand testicular cholesterol showed a significant elevation in T. chebula treated group and plasma testosterone was decreased significantly in comparison to control. The above said androgenic key enzymes were exerted a significant diminution in extract treated group. Anti-oxidative enzymes such as catalase and superoxide dismutase showed a significant reduction and a significant elevation in conjugated diene and Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance was noted in treated group. GOT and GPT study of liver and kidney showed a non-significant change which confirmed the non-toxic nature of T. chebula. Histological study of testis of treated group exhibited significant reduction in seminiferous tubular diameter. Conclusion: The results of present experiment suggested that the aqueous-ethanolic (1:1) extract of fruit of T. chebula exerted a significant anti-spermatogenic effect in male rat