Constitutive modelling and numerical simulation of localization phenomena in solid materials with application to soils and geomaterials

Lokalisierungsphänomene können bei unterschiedlichen Materialien beobachtet werden. Sie entstehen meist durch einen Entfestigungsprozess, bei dem sich die Dehnungen in schmalbandigen Bereichen hoher Scherung konzentrieren. Solche Bereiche bezeichnet man als Scherbänder. Das Entstehen von Scherbändern ist oft durch einen Abfall der im Material wirkenden Spannung sowie einer Akkumulation von plastischer Dehnung begleitet und führt letztendlich zum Materialversagen. Die vorliegende Dissertation befasst sich mit der Beschreibung und Berechnung von Lokalisierungsphänomenen.Strain localization is observed in various materials as narrow zones of intense shearing, known as shear bands. The formation of shear bands is accompanied by a softening response, characterized by a decrease in stress or strength of the material with accumulated inelastic strain, usually leading to complete collapse of the structure. This thesis is devoted to the treatment of localization phenomena in solid

Genome-wide association study identifies five new susceptibility loci for primary angle closure glaucoma.

Primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) is a major cause of blindness worldwide. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) followed by replication in a combined total of 10,503 PACG cases and 29,567 controls drawn from 24 countries across Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. We observed significant evidence of disease association at five new genetic loci upon meta-analysis of all patient collections. These loci are at EPDR1 rs3816415 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.24, P = 5.94 × 10(-15)), CHAT rs1258267 (OR = 1.22, P = 2.85 × 10(-16)), GLIS3 rs736893 (OR = 1.18, P = 1.43 × 10(-14)), FERMT2 rs7494379 (OR = 1.14, P = 3.43 × 10(-11)), and DPM2-FAM102A rs3739821 (OR = 1.15, P = 8.32 × 10(-12)). We also confirmed significant association at three previously described loci (P < 5 × 10(-8) for each sentinel SNP at PLEKHA7, COL11A1, and PCMTD1-ST18), providing new insights into the biology of PACG