4 research outputs found
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Determinants of health as predictors for differential antibody responses following SARS-CoV-2 primary and booster vaccination in an at-risk, longitudinal cohort
Post vaccine immunity following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination may be driven by extrinsic, or controllable and intrinsic, or inherent health factors. Thus, we investigated the effects of extrinsic and intrinsic on the peak antibody response following COVID-19 primary vaccination and on the trajectory of peak antibody magnitude and durability over time. Participants in a longitudinal cohort attended visits every 3 months for up to 2 years following enrollment. At baseline, participants provided information on their demographics, recreational behaviors, and comorbid health conditions which guided our model selection process. Blood samples were collected for serum processing and spike antibody testing at each visit. Cross-sectional and longitudinal models (linear-mixed effects models) were generated to assess the relationship between selected intrinsic and extrinsic health factors on peak antibody following vaccination and to determine the influence of these predictors on antibody over time. Following cross-sectional analysis, we observed higher peak antibody titers after primary vaccination in females, those who reported recreational drug use, younger age, and prior COVID-19 history. Following booster vaccination, females and Hispanics had higher peak titers after the 3
rd
and 4
th
doses, respectively. Longitudinal models demonstrated that Moderna mRNA-1273 recipients, females, and those previously vaccinated had increased peak titers over time. Moreover, drug users and half-dose Moderna mRNA-1273 recipients had higher peak antibody titers over time following the first booster, while no predictive factors significantly affected post-second booster antibody responses. Overall, both intrinsic and extrinsic health factors play a significant role in shaping humoral immunogenicity after initial vaccination and the first booster. The absence of predictive factors for second booster immunogenicity suggests a more robust and consistent immune response after the second booster vaccine administration
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Examining the effect of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic-induced stress and anxiety on humoral immunity in healthcare workers
OBJECTIVEThe effect of stress on vaccine-induced humoral immunity and therapeutic interventions to mitigate pandemic-related stress remain under-explored.METHODSParticipants in a longitudinal cohort study (n = 189) completed a validated measure, 7-instrument Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), and 10-instrument stress measure (SM-10) to assess stress and anxiety following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Serum was collected to obtain SARS-CoV-2 antibody titer levels.RESULTSParticipants experienced increased stress due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic with a positive correlation between GAD-7 scores and peak antibody (Ab) titers overall; however, there was a negative association with scores commensurate with severe anxiety. Healthcare workers (HCW) and younger participants were more significantly affected by anxiety.CONCLUSIONSMild anxiety levels may have immune-enhancing effects, whereas severe anxiety may cause antibody generation reduction. Mental health-focused interventions are imperative for younger adults and HCWs. Young adults may be more resilient to increased stress levels
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Predictors for reactogenicity and humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 following infection and mRNA vaccination: A regularized, mixed-effects modelling approach
The influence of pre-existing humoral immunity, inter-individual demographic factors, and vaccine-associated reactogenicity on immunogenicity following COVID vaccination remains poorly understood.
Ten-fold cross-validated least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and linear mixed effects models were used to evaluate symptoms experienced by COVID+ participants during natural infection and following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination along with demographics as predictors for antibody (AB) responses to recombinant spike protein in a longitudinal cohort study.
In previously infected individuals (n=33), AB were more durable and robust following primary vaccination when compared to natural infection alone. Higher AB were associated with experiencing dyspnea during natural infection, as was the total number of symptoms reported during the COVID-19 disease course. Both local and systemic symptoms following 1
and 2
dose (n=49 and 48, respectively) of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines were predictive of higher AB after vaccination. Lastly, there was a significant temporal relationship between AB and days since infection or vaccination, suggesting that vaccination in COVID+ individuals is associated with a more robust immune response.
Experiencing systemic and local symptoms post-vaccine was suggestive of higher AB, which may confer greater protection
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Clinical Features and Treatment Outcomes of Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Keratitis
Evaluation of the microbiological diagnostic profile of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis and potential management with rose bengal-photodynamic antimicrobial therapy (RB-PDAT) is important.
To document the disease progression of carbapenemase-resistant P aeruginosa keratitis after an artificial tear contamination outbreak.
This retrospective observation case series included 9 patients 40 years or older who presented at Bascom Palmer Eye Institute and had positive test results for multidrug-resistant P aeruginosa keratitis between January 1, 2022, and October 31, 2023.
Evaluation of type III secretion phenotype, carbapenemase-resistance genes blaGES and blaVIM susceptibility to antibiotics, and in vitro and in vivo outcomes of RB-PDAT against multidrug-resistant P aeruginosa keratitis.
Among the 9 patients included in the analysis (5 women and 4 men; mean [SD] age, 73.4 [14.0] years), all samples tested positive for exoU and carbapenemase-resistant blaVIM and blaGES genes. Additionally, isolates were resistant to carbapenems as indicated by minimum inhibitory concentration testing. In vitro efficacy of RB-PDAT indicated its potential application for treating recalcitrant cases. These cases highlight the rapid progression and challenging management of multidrug-resistant P aeruginosa. Two patients were treated with RB-PDAT as an adjuvant to antibiotic therapy and had improved visual outcomes.
This case series highlights the concerning progression in resistance and virulence of P aeruginosa and emphasizes the need to explore alternative therapies like RB-PDAT that have broad coverage and no known antibiotic resistance. The findings support further investigation into the potential effects of RB-PDAT for other multidrug-resistant microbes