673 research outputs found

    Control de la inmigración en el sur de Europa (2ª parte): estrategias de "retención en el punto de entrada"(gate-keeping)

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    ¿Consiguen las principales políticas de “retención en el punto de entrada” (gate-keeping) aplicadas por Grecia, Italia y España para controlar la inmigración irregular los fines deseados? En este ARI se sigue defendiendo el argumento de que el éxito de las políticas de control de la inmigración irregular dependerá de que se combinen actividades de “cerco” (fencing) y políticas de “retención en el punto de entrada” (gate-keeping) externas e internas. En este documento se examinan las principales políticas de retención en el punto de entrada adoptadas por Grecia, Italia y España, para determinar si consiguen los efectos deseados, y de qué forma. Más concretamente, en el documento se destaca la contradicción existente entre unas medidas de política altamente visibles y que atraen una enorme atención mediática (como las políticas y prácticas de cerco) y unas políticas de control lateral (medidas internas y externas de retención en el punto de entrada) que pueden tener menos prominencia pero sin embargo resultar más eficaces. En este documento se sostiene que, aunque ambos tipos de políticas están destinados a públicos nacionales, el éxito relativo que los enfoques de control lateral (fundamentalmente medidas internas de retención en el punto de entrada) presentan con respecto a las políticas centradas en los controles fronterizos (medidas de cerco externas e internas) pone de manifiesto que quizá los gobiernos no siempre estén tratando de combatir la inmigración irregular cuando anuncian controles fronterizos más severos, sino que podrían estar aplicando una política de doble rasero mientras aprovechan para aplacar los ánimos de su electorado

    Irregular migration in the Mediterranean: four key principles for solving the crisis

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    With over 1,000 migrants in the Mediterranean feared dead following a series of incidents in recent weeks, EU Foreign and Interior Ministers agreed on an action plan on 20 April for addressing the crisis. Anna Triandafyllidou writes on the factors underpinning the problem and outlines four key elements that a new strategic approach should consist of: strengthening the EU’s search and rescue capabilities, enlisting the support of neighbouring countries, tackling the smuggling networks active in the region, and reforming the system that assigns responsibility for asylum seekers between EU states

    El control de la migración en Grecia: políticas, problemas y oportunidades

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    La principal ruta de la migración irregular de Asia a Europa pasa a través de Turquía y llega hasta Grecia, que también recibe inmigrantes irregulares de los antiguos países comunistas. La principal ruta migratoria de Asia a Europa pasa a través de Turquía y llega hasta Grecia, cuya frontera está expuesta a dos importantes vías migratorias: una desde Asia, Oriente Medio y África a través de Turquía hacia las islas o la región nordeste de Tracia; y otra desde los antiguos países comunistas a la frontera norte de Grecia (principalmente desde Albania pero también desde la Antigua República Yugoslava de Macedonia y desde Bulgaria). En general, los controles de las migraciones internas y externas no han paliado realmente el problema, entre otros motivos porque la presión migratoria es muy fuerte, las redes de tráfico de emigrantes están creciendo y, al mismo tiempo, no hay canales para la migración legal. Grecia necesita adoptar una política de gestión de la migración pro-activa con el fin de regular con más eficacia su mercado del trabajo y de combatir la migración irregular

    Irregular migration is feeding into the growth of anti-establishment politics in southern Europe

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    On 15 February the Italian coastguard launched an operation to rescue more than 2,000 migrants who were in difficulty between the island of Lampedusa and the coast of Libya. Anna Triandafyllidou writes on the pressure irregular migration is having on the countries of southern Europe. She argues that countries such as Italy and Greece are now facing a ‘triple crisis’ composed of irregular migration, stubborn unemployment rates, and high levels of poverty, which is feeding into the growth of anti-establishment politics

    Multi-levelling and externalizing migration and asylum: lessons from the southern European islands

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    Southern European countries have come to constitute the most vulnerable external border of the European Union (EU) over the last decade. Irregular migration pressures have been acutely felt on the EU’s southern sea borders, and particularly on four sets of islands: Canary Islands (Spain), Lampedusa and Linosa (Italy), Malta, and Aegean Islands (Greece). This quartet is, to a large extent, used as stepping stones by irregular migrants and asylum seekers to reach the European continent. This paper studies the role of these islands as ‘outposts’ of a framework of externalization. It starts by discussing the notion of externalization and its different facets. It considers how externalization is linked to both fencing and gate-keeping strategies of migration and asylum control. The second part of the paper focuses on the special role of the island quartet with respect to the externalization web cast by national and EU-wide migration policies. It concludes with a critical reflection on the multi-level character of externalization policies and practices that occur both within the EU and between the EU and third countries

    EU migration talks: what EU governments can do to help solve the crisis

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    Anna Triandafyllidou writes on the key measures that are required to help manage the migration crisis, outlining a four-point plan. She argues that EU governments need to broaden their focus beyond the Mediterranean, recognise the mixed motivations that underpin migration, acknowledge the regional realities within individual countries, and better understand the booming smuggling business that facilitates migration routes

    Disentangling the migration and asylum knot : dealing with crisis situations and avoiding detention

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    While the control of irregular migration and the return of undocumented migrants to their countries of origin has been a priority in the European migration policy since the late 2000s, it has now achieved a new sense of urgency. The EU is faced with a double challenge: to limit irregular migration while keeping its borders open to people in need of international protection, in line with its traditions as well as with its own international conventions and declarations. Offering asylum to those who are persecuted or are unable to return to their countries of origin includes a set of inter-related challenges. It requires providing access to asylum (notably the information and ability to file a claim), safeguarding the fundamental rights of asylum seekers while their cases are being processed, while also ensuring that the asylum “burden” is shared among member states and that borders remain tightly controlled as regards overall irregular migration flows. This policy paper takes a closer look at these challenges and offers recommendations on how to act upon them. The paper starts with an overview of numbers (of immigration flows, stocks, asylum seeking flows and estimates of irregular migration) so as to put the overall issue into perspective (How large are the irregular migration or asylum seeker flows? How large is the overall migrant population in the EU? What are the trends?). Second, it discusses the main features of the EU policy on irregular migration and asylum and highlights the key problematic issues, notably the fuzzy line that separates irregular migrants from asylum seekers; and the systematic use of detention for disciplinary rather than administrative purposes. It proposes new strategies for dealing with these two challenges that do not require legislative changes but rather a change in the practice and an implementation of both national and EU legislation and an increase in cooperation among member states

    Sub-Saharan African immigrant activists in Europe: transcultural capital and transcultural community building

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    This paper argues that immigrant civic activism which may at first glance seem to focus on diasporic ties and ethnic community building, becomes often a lever for transcultural capital and transcultural community building. The study is explorative of new repertoires and forms of transnationalism among sub Saharan African immigrant activists in Europe. The findings suggest that immigrant civic activism even if limited in size proposes new types of transcultural societal networks and new forms of transcultural expression. In the first part of the study I discuss the theoretical background of transnationalism in migration studies and propose the notions of transcultural capital and transcultural community as working concepts. The second part of the study concentrates on the qualitative analysis of life story interviews with sixteen sub Saharan African immigrant activists in Europe

    Control de la inmigración en el sur de Europa (1ª parte): estrategias de “cerco” (fencing)

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    Para reducir la inmigración hará falta algo más que controles fronterizos más estrictos, como ponen de manifiesto las experiencias de Italia, España y Grecia. Hacer frente a la inmigración ilegal se ha convertido en una prioridad tanto a nivel nacional como a nivel de la UE, aunque no todos los países de la UE se ven afectados de la misma manera por este fenómeno. Los países situados en la periferia de la UE y, en particular, los Estados miembros meridionales situados cerca de importantes países de origen y tránsito de inmigrantes, tienen que hacer frente a considerables entradas de inmigrantes a través de sus fronteras terrestres y marítimas. En este ARI se repasan de forma crítica las políticas adoptadas por los distintos países del sur de Europa (Italia, España y Grecia) para gestionar la inmigración irregular, con el objeto de demostrar que, para reducir este tipo de inmigración, hará falta algo más que controles más estrictos en las fronteras. Tanto los votantes como los expertos deberían cuestionar los discursos de los políticos y los medios de comunicación en los que se habla de “avalanchas” u “oleadas” de inmigrantes irregulares a través de las fronteras exteriores de la UE y que les llevan a considerar la posibilidad de aprobar, o a aprobar directamente, medidas más duras de control fronterizo como principal forma de combatir eficazmente la inmigración irregular
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