Comparison of walleye pollock target strength estimates determined from in situ measurements and calculations based on swimbladder form

Author Posting. © Acoustical Society of America, 1988. This article is posted here by permission of Acoustical Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 83 (1988): 9-17, doi:10.1121/1.396190.The target strength of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) at 38 kHz has been determined in each of two ways: (1) in situ measurement with dual‐beam and split‐beam echo sounders, and (2) theoretical calculation based on the swimbladder form. Respective probability density functions of target strength are compared. The several estimates of mean target strength (T̄S̄) determine the relation T̄S̄=20 log l−66.0, where l is the fish fork length in centimeters

Exome Sequencing Identifies a Novel TRPV4 Mutation in a CMT2C Family

Molecular and Cellular Biolog

Myosteatosis as a Shared Biomarker for Sarcopenia and Cachexia Using MRI and Ultrasound

PurposeEstablish bedside biomarkers of myosteatosis for sarcopenia and cachexia. We compared ultrasound biomarkers against MRI-based percent fat, histology, and CT-based muscle density among healthy adults and adults undergoing treatment for lung cancer.MethodsWe compared ultrasound and MRI myosteatosis measures among young healthy, older healthy, and older adults with non-small cell lung cancer undergoing systemic treatment, all without significant medical concerns, in a cross-sectional pilot study. We assessed each participant's rectus femoris ultrasound-based echo intensity (EI), shear wave elastography-based shear wave speed, and MRI-based proton density fat-fraction (PDFF). We also assessed BMI, rectus femoris thickness and cross-sectional area. Rectus femoris biopsies were taken for all older adults (n = 20) and we analyzed chest CT scans for older adults undergoing treatment (n = 10). We determined associations between muscle assessments and BMI, and compared these assessments between groups.ResultsA total of 10 young healthy adults, 10 older healthy adults, and 10 older adults undergoing treatment were recruited. PDFF was lower in young adults than in older healthy adults and older adults undergoing treatment (0.3 vs. 2.8 vs. 2.9%, respectively, p = 0.01). Young adults had significantly lower EI than older healthy adults, but not older adults undergoing treatment (48.6 vs. 81.8 vs. 75.4, p = 0.02). When comparing associations between measures, PDFF was strongly associated with EI (ρ = 0.75, p < 0.01) and moderately negatively associated with shear wave speed (ρ = −0.49, p < 0.01) but not BMI, whole leg cross-sectional area, or rectus femoris cross-sectional area. Among participants with CT scans, paraspinal muscle density was significantly associated with PDFF (ρ = −0.70, p = 0.023). Histological markers of inflammation or degradation did not differ between older adult groups.ConclusionPDFF was sensitive to myosteatosis between young adults and both older adult groups. EI was less sensitive to myosteatosis between groups, yet EI was strongly associated with PDFF unlike BMI, which is typically used in cachexia diagnosis. Our results suggest that ultrasound measures may serve to determine myosteatosis at the bedside and are more useful diagnostically than traditional weight assessments like BMI. These results show promise of using EI, shear wave speed, and PDFF proxies of myosteatosis as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers of sarcopenia and cachexia

Registered Nurses explain assessment and identification of delirium among older people in hospitals

Abstract of a poster presentation that was presented at RCN International Nursing Research Conference 2014, 2-4 April, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom

Registered Nurses explain assessment and identification of delirium among hospitalised o lder people

Abstract of presentation from the Dementia Collaborative Research Centres\u27 (DCRC) 2014 National Dementia Research Forum, Sydney, 19 September 2014