Countering the Excessive Subpoena for Scholarly Research

A researcher has many opportunities to safeguard research and take a stance in court to protect the privacy of study participants in the interest of well-grounded scientific or social analysis

Countering the Excessive Subpoena for Scholarly Research

A researcher has many opportunities to safeguard research and take a stance in court to protect the privacy of study participants in the interest of well-grounded scientific or social analysis

Reflections on Community Organizing and Resident Engagement in the Rebuilding Communities Initiative

Describes the role and practice of community organizing and resident engagement in the context of a comprehensive community change initiative in Boston, Philadelphia, Washington, D.C., Denver, and Detroit

Non-Orientable Lagrangian Cobordisms between Legendrian Knots

In the symplectization of standard contact $3$-space, $\mathbb R \times \mathbb R^3$, it is known that an orientable Lagrangian cobordism between a Legendrian knot and itself, also known as an orientable Lagrangian endocobordism for the Legendrian knot, must have genus $0$. We show that any Legendrian knot has a non-orientable Lagrangian endocobordism, and that the crosscap genus of such a non-orientable Lagrangian endocobordism must be a positive multiple of $4$. The more restrictive exact, non-orientable Lagrangian endocobordisms do not exist for any exactly fillable Legendrian knot but do exist for any stabilized Legendrian knot. Moreover, the relation defined by exact, non-orientable Lagrangian cobordism on the set of stabilized Legendrian knots is symmetric and defines an equivalence relation, a contrast to the non-symmetric relation defined by orientable Lagrangian cobordisms.Comment: 23 pages, 18 figure

The Buffalo, New York Outer Harbor as a Cultural Landscape

This cultural landscape report primarily focuses on the Buffalo Outer Harbor (Outer Harbor) located in Buffalo, New York, with an understanding that it is part of a much larger context including the Buffalo Inner Harbor (Inner Harbor) and Buffalo Middle Harbor (Middle Harbor) in order to provide context and a holistic understanding of the surrounding landscape. This cultural landscape report investigates and documents the landscape history and the existing conditions within the study area of the Outer Harbor, a site with a long, rich, and evolving history. This document focuses on the development of the area’s history, inventories the site’s existing conditions, and analyzes the historic and existing conditions in order to evaluate the significance and integrity of the site as a cultural landscape

Metabolism of Butoxyethanol in excised human skin in vitro

Glycol ethers are widely used in industrial and household applications because their chemical and physical properties make them versatile solvents, miscible with both water and organic media. Due to the ease with which the glycol ethers are absorbed through the skin and the potential for development of adverse health effects it is important to understand the extent to which local metabolism can contribute to local and systemic toxicity. Sections of previously frozen, full thickness excised human skin samples were placed on transwell supports and placed with the underside of the skin in contact with receptor fluid. The skin surface was dosed with 115.2 mg of neat butoxyethanol and the absorption and metabolism of butoxyethanol to butoxyacetic acid monitored over time. In total 64.94 ± 0.04 mg of butoxyethanol or its metabolites were removed from the surface of the skin at 24 hours, representing the equivalent of 56% of the applied dose, the equivalent of 17.5% of the applied dose was recovered from the receiver fluid, 3% from within the skin and the remaining 23.5% of the dose was lost to the atmosphere through evaporation. After 24 hours a total of 31.5 μg of butoxyacetic acid had been produced representing approximately 0.03% of the applied dose. Therefore approximately 0.16% (31.5 μg as a percentage of the total amount of butoxyethanol reaching the receiver fluid (20.17 mg) of the absorbed butoxyethanol was metabolised to butoxyacetic acid during its passage through the skin. This suggested that, although enzyme activities capable of converting butoxyethanol to butoxyacetic acid are present in skin, metabolic conversion during percutaneous absorption was small and systemic exposure to the parent compound rather than the metabolite would occur following dermal exposure to butoxyethanol. This experiment demonstrates that it is possible to maintain metabolic activity in skin samples in an in vitro set up for short, but experimentally useful, period.Peer reviewe