Interpreting personality profiles across cultures: Bilingual, acculturation, and peer rating studies of Chinese undergraduates

Prior research (R. R. McCrae, P. T. Costa, & M. S. M. Yik, 1996) using a Chinese translation of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory suggested substantial differences between Hong Kong and North American undergraduates. Study 1, with a sample of bilingual Hong Kong students (N = 162), showed that prior findings were not due simply to the translation. Study 2, with undergraduates of European and Chinese ancestry living in Canada (N = 633), suggested that most of the differences were cultural in origin. Study 3, which used peer ratings of Chinese students (N = 99), replicated most Study 2 results, suggesting that exposure to Canadian culture increased openness, cheerfulness, and prosocial behavior and attitudes. Differences in sense of competence and vulnerability to stress appeared to be due to different cultural standards for judging these traits. Together, the 3 studies illustrate an integrated approach to interpreting personality differences across cultures

Integrating GPU-accelerated sequence alignment and SNP detection for genome resequencing analysis

DNA sequence alignment and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection are two important tasks in genomics research. A common genome resequencing analysis workflow is to first perform sequence alignment and then detect SNPs among the aligned sequences. In practice, the performance bottleneck in this workflow is usually the intermediate result I/O due to the separation of the two components, especially when the in-memory computation has been accelerated, e.g., by graphics processors. To address this bottleneck, we propose to integrate the two tasks tightly so as to eliminate the I/O of intermediate results in the workflow. Specifically, we make the following three changes for the tight integration: (1) we adopt a partition-based approach so that the external sorting of alignment results, which was required for SNP detection, is eliminated; (2) we perform customized compression on alignment results to reduce memory footprint; and (3) we move the computation of a global matrix from SNP detection to sequence alignment to save a file scan. We have developed a GPU-accelerated system that tightly integrates sequence alignment and SNP detection. Our results with human genome data sets show that our GPU-acceleration of individual components in the traditional workflow improves the overall performance by 18 times and that the tight integration further improves the performance of the GPU-accelerated system by 2.3 times. © 2012 Springer-Verlag