535 research outputs found

    Diversité du peuplement ichtyologique de la riviÚre Bagoé (Bassin du Niger, Mali)

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    Un inventaire du peuplement de poissons du cours principal de la BagoĂ© a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ© en vue d’actualiser le rĂ©pertoire de l’ichtyofaune de cette riviĂšre. A cet effet, des Ă©chantillons de poissons prĂ©levĂ©s dans les prises des pĂȘcheurs artisanaux et dans les captures de pĂȘches expĂ©rimentales  effectuĂ©es Ă  l’aide de filets maillants, de filets Ă©perviers, de sennes de plage et d’épuisette ont Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©es a l’aide de la clĂ© de Paugy et al. (2003a ; 2003b). Les indices de diversitĂ© spĂ©cifique, d’équitabilitĂ© et de similaritĂ© ont Ă©tĂ© calculĂ©s sur la riviĂšre selon les gradients cours supĂ©rieur, cours moyen et cours infĂ©rieur. Nos donnĂ©es d’étude indiquent, que la BagoĂ© est riche de 70 espĂšces dont 46 dans le cours supĂ©rieur contre 31 et 44 dans les cours moyen et infĂ©rieur. Celles-ci sont reparties en 43 genres et 19 familles. Les Cyprinidae, les Mormyridae et les Cichlidae sont les plus reprĂ©sentĂ©es dans les captures. La diversitĂ© spĂ©cifique est Ă©levĂ©e, mais dĂ©croit du cours supĂ©rieur au cours infĂ©rieur, soit de 4,49 Ă  3,68. L’indice de Shannon reprĂ©sente 84 % de la diversitĂ© maximale (5,15/ 6,13). L’équitabilitĂ© est Ă©levĂ©e dans les cours supĂ©rieur (0,82) et moyen (0,87), mais faible dans le cours infĂ©rieur (0,67). Cependant, la similaritĂ© varie de 13,3 Ă  20,0 % entre les sections du cours d'eau.Mots clĂ©s : Poissons, diversitĂ© ichtyologique, riviĂšre BagoĂ©, Mali

    Acidification des sols ferrugineux et ferrallitiques dans les systĂšmes de production cotonniĂšre au Burkina Faso

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    La productivitĂ© des systĂšmes de culture coton-cĂ©rĂ©ales est menacĂ©e par la dĂ©gradation et l’acidification des terres. Afin de dĂ©terminer les causes de l’acidification des sols dans la zone cotonniĂšre du Burkina Faso, une expĂ©rimentation a Ă©tĂ© conduite pendant deux annĂ©es, en milieu paysan, sur des sols ferrugineux et ferrallitiques, respectivement sur les sites de Dohoun et Balla. Trois modes d’exploitation des terres, dĂ©finis par la jachĂšre, la culture attelĂ©e et la culture motorisĂ©e, ont Ă©tĂ© comparĂ©s pour dĂ©terminer leurs effets sur les caractĂ©ristiques physico-chimiques des sols Ă©tudiĂ©s. Par rapport Ă  la jachĂšre, comparĂ©e Ă  la culture attelĂ©e, la culture motorisĂ©e a entraĂźnĂ©, en surface (0-20 cm) des sols ferrugineux et ferrallitiques, une augmentation des teneurs en sable de 8 Ă  12% et une baisse du taux d’argile de 35% qui expose ces sols à l’acidification. Contrairement Ă  la jachĂšre, la culture motorisĂ©e a entraĂźnĂ© des pertes significatives de carbone et d’azote, qui rendent les sols plus sensibles Ă  l’acidification qu’en culture attelĂ©e. L’exploitation des terres s’est aussi traduite par une baisse significative des teneurs des cations majeurs du complexe adsorbant (Ca2+ et Mg2+), de la somme des bases Ă©changeables (SBE) et de la capacitĂ© d’échange cationique (CEC), accentuant la vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© Ă  l’acidification sous culture motorisĂ©e. La dĂ©gradation des sols cultivĂ©s a Ă©tĂ© plus importante pour les sols ferrallitiques qu’au niveau des sols ferrugineux, dont la CEC a Ă©tĂ© 2 Ă  3 fois plus Ă©levĂ©e. La culture attelĂ©e et la culture motorisĂ©e, pratiquĂ©es, le plus souvent, sans restitution organique, se sont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©es comme Ă©tant des causes de l’acidification des sols ferrallitiques, plus accentuĂ©e que celle des sols ferrugineux. L’étude recommande d’adopter des techniques adĂ©quates de travail du sol et de procĂ©der Ă  des amendements appropriĂ©s pour attĂ©nuer l’acidification et garantir la durabilitĂ© des systĂšmes de production.Mots clĂ©s: Exploitation des terres, acidification, sol ferrugineux, sol ferrallitique, zone cotonniĂšre

    Design and optimization of a new kind of manual wheelchair

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    Performances agronomiques des amendements a base de biochar en milieu paysan a l’ouest du Burkina Faso

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    Au Burkina Faso, la baisse de la fertilitĂ© des sols reprĂ©sente une contrainte importante pour la durabilitĂ© de l’agriculture. Dans cette Ă©tude, l’influence du compost, du biochar et du co-compost au biochar sur les propriĂ©tĂ©s chimiques du sol, le rendement du cotonnier et du maĂŻs a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e sur un lixisol endoplinthique en milieu paysan. Le dispositif Ă©tait en blocs randomisĂ©s comportant trois traitements en quatre rĂ©pĂ©titions : T= compost + NPK + UrĂ©e, T2 = biochar pristine + NPK + urĂ©e, et T3=co-compost au biochar + NPK + urĂ©e. La dose d’apport des amendements Ă©tait de 2,5t.ha-1.an-1 pendant deux ans, associĂ©e Ă  la dose recommandĂ©e d’engrais minĂ©raux (coton : NPK = 150 kg.ha-1 et urĂ©e = 50 kg.ha-1 ; maĂŻs : NPK = 200 kg.ha-1 et urĂ©e = 100 kg.ha-1). L’adjonction du biochar pendant le compostage a augmentĂ© les teneurs en azote total, magnĂ©sium total et phosphore total de l’amendement obtenu, respectivement de 48 %, 64 % et 68 % comparativement au compost. MĂȘme si les paramĂštres physico-chimiques du sol, deux ans aprĂšs, n’ont pas Ă©tĂ© amĂ©liorĂ©s, une augmentation significative du rendement du coton graine de 14 % (biochar) et 19 % (co-compost au biochar) comparativement au compost a Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e la troisiĂšme annĂ©e. Les amendements Ă  base de biochar peuvent ĂȘtre suggĂ©rĂ©s aux producteurs pour l’amĂ©lioration du rendement des cultures Ă  moyen terme.   English title: Agronomic Performance of Biochar-Based Amendments in Farmers’ environment in western Burkina Faso In Burkina Faso, declining soil fertility is a major constraint to agricultural productivity and sustainability. In the present study, compost, biochar and co-composted biochar were applied to endoplinthic lixisol, and the effects on soil physicochemical properties, cotton and maize yield over three  years (i.e., three cropping seasons) were investigated. The trial was a completely randomized block design included three treatments and four  repetitions: T1= compost + NPK + Urea, T2= pristine biochar + NPK + Urea and T3= co-composted biochar + NPK + Urea. The amendments rate were  2.5 t.ha-1 each year (2018 and 2019) combined with the recommended rate of mineral fertilizer (cotton: 150 kg.ha-1 NPK , 50 kg.ha-1 Urea; maize:  200 kg.ha-1 NPK, 100 kg.ha-1 Urea). The addition of biochar during the composting process increased the total nitrogen, total magnesium and total  phosphorus contents of co-composted biochar by 48%, 64% and 68% respectively compared to compost. Although the biochar-based amendments  did not improve the physico-chemical parameters of the soil, two years after their application, a significant increase in cotton yield by 14% (biochar)  and 19% (co-composted biochar) compared to compost in the third year was observed. Biochar-based amendments can be suggested to producers  for medium-term crop yield improvement

    Modelling secondary particle tracks generated by high-energy protons in water

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    1 pág.; XXIX International Conference on Photonic, Electronic, and Atomic Collisions (ICPEAC2015); Open Access funded by Creative Commons Atribution Licence 3.0We present interaction probability data of low-energy secondary electrons and positrons produced due to the proton impact. The probability distribution functions serve as input data for the Low Energy Particle Track Simulation (LEPTS) approach which allows one to include the effect of low-energy species in medical applications of radiation and in ion-beam cancer therapy, in particular.This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economía y Productividad (Project FIS2012-31320). We also acknowledge partial funding from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT-MCTES), research grant PEstOE/FIS/UI0068/2011,the EU/ESF COST Actions Nano-IBCT - MP1002 and CELINA CM- 1301, and from the FP7 Multi-ITN Project ”Advanced Radiotherapy, Generated by Exploiting Nanoprocesses and Technologies” (ARGENT) (Grant Agreement n◩608163).Peer Reviewe

    La grille au service du développement médical en Afrique

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    PCSV, présenté par F. Jacq, pas de proceedingsObjectives: Telemedicine networks allow to train local physicians and to improve diagnosis by exchanging medical data. But the set-up of multipoint dynamic telemedicine requires moving towards GRID technologies. The objective is to develop telemedicine services for physicians from Burkina Faso and France with the perspective of setting up a grid infrastructure between the participating medical sites. Methods: A web site to exchange diagnosis on diabetic retinopathy was developed in PHP. Another application using web services was developed to exchange patient information on ophthalmology between two databases. Results: The main difficulty comes from limited resources in developing countries including staff skills, bandwidth and funding. But the collaboration with dispensaries opened a door to enhanced collaboration between physicians of France and Burkina Faso Conclusions: These applications are designed with the aim of their use on grids which opens the perspective of multipoint dynamic telemedicine. We are developing a new generation of telemedicine service using experience acquired in the last two years

    Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in prison inmates, Azerbaijan.

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    In a tuberculosis (TB) program in the Central Penitentiary Hospital of Azerbaijan, we analyzed 65 isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by IS6110-based restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) and spoligotyping. From 11 clusters associated with 33 patients, 31 isolates had an IS6110-based banding pattern characteristic of the Beijing genotype of M. tuberculosis. In addition, 15 M. tuberculosis isolates with similar RFLP patterns constituted a single group by spoligotyping, matching the Beijing genotype. Multidrug resistance, always involving isoniazid and rifampin, was seen in 34 (52.3%) of 65 isolates, with 28 belonging to the Beijing genotype

    Modeling secondary particle tracks generated by high-energy protons in water

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    ICPEAC 2015, Toledo, Spain on 22 –28 July 2015; http://www.icpeac2015.com/We present interaction probability data of low-energy secondary electrons and positrons produced due to the proton impact. The probability distribution functions serve as input data for the Low Energy Particle Track Simulation (LEPTS) approach which allows one to include the effect of low-energy species in medical applications of radiation and in ion-beam cancer therapy, in particular.his work has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economía y Productividad (Project FIS2012-31320). We also acknowledge partial funding from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT-MCTES), research grant PEstOE/FIS/UI0068/2011,the EU/ESF COST Actions Nano-IBCT - MP1002 and CELINA CM- 1301, and from the FP7 Multi-ITN Project ”Advanced Radiotherapy, Generated by Exploiting Nanoprocesses and Technologies” (ARGENT) (Grant Agreement n◩608163).Peer Reviewe

    Evaluation of Malaria Screening during Pregnancy with Rapid Diagnostic Tests Performed by Community Health Workers in Burkina Faso.

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    One of the current strategies to prevent malaria in pregnancy is intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP). However, in order for pregnant women to receive an adequate number of SP doses, they should attend a health facility on a regular basis. In addition, SP resistance may decrease IPTp-SP efficacy. New or additional interventions for preventing malaria during pregnancy are therefore warranted. Because it is known that community health workers (CHWs) can diagnose and treat malaria in children, in this study screening and treatment of malaria in pregnancy by CHWs was evaluated as an addition to the regular IPTp-SP program. CHWs used rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for screening and artemether-lumefantrine was given in case of a positive RDT. Overall, CHWs were able to conduct RDTs with a sensitivity of 81.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 67.9-90.2) and high specificity of 92.1% (95% CI 89.9-93.9) compared with microscopy. After a positive RDT, 79.1% of women received artemether-lumefantrine. When treatment was not given, this was largely due to the woman being already under treatment. Almost all treated women finished the full course of artemether-lumefantrine (96.4%). In conclusion, CHWs are capable of performing RDTs with high specificity and acceptable sensitivity, the latter being dependent on the limit of detection of RDTs. Furthermore, CHWs showed excellent adherence to test results and treatment guidelines, suggesting they can be deployed for screen and treat approaches of malaria in pregnancy

    Comparative Evaluation of Action Recognition Methods via Riemannian Manifolds, Fisher Vectors and GMMs: Ideal and Challenging Conditions

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    We present a comparative evaluation of various techniques for action recognition while keeping as many variables as possible controlled. We employ two categories of Riemannian manifolds: symmetric positive definite matrices and linear subspaces. For both categories we use their corresponding nearest neighbour classifiers, kernels, and recent kernelised sparse representations. We compare against traditional action recognition techniques based on Gaussian mixture models and Fisher vectors (FVs). We evaluate these action recognition techniques under ideal conditions, as well as their sensitivity in more challenging conditions (variations in scale and translation). Despite recent advancements for handling manifolds, manifold based techniques obtain the lowest performance and their kernel representations are more unstable in the presence of challenging conditions. The FV approach obtains the highest accuracy under ideal conditions. Moreover, FV best deals with moderate scale and translation changes
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