Tourists’ novelty and familiarity: Their effects on satisfaction and destination loyalty

Novelty and familiarity play a important role in tourists’ perception, and these have been treated as opposite concepts for a long period. However, in recent cognitive neuroscience literature, it is suggested that novelty and familiarity are distinct concepts, which independently influence consumer behavior (Shimojo, 2008). On this basis, this study aimed to examine the difference between the effects of novelty and familiarity on satisfaction and destination loyalty. The results reflected their different roles. Both novelty and familiarity contribute to destination loyalty. Meanwhile, only novelty has an effect on the formation of satisfaction. It can be inferred that tourists want to experience new things in familiar destinations. Managerial implications are also discussed briefly

Categorization of Destinations Based on Tourists’ Emotional Responses

It is important for destination marketers to understand tourists’ emotional reactions to tourism experiences in order to initiate successful marketing efforts. Therefore, this study aimed to categorize tourist destinations based on tourists’ emotional responses, by utilizing a circumplex model of emotion, which describes emotional responses to environments along two main dimensions—pleasure and arousal. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from sixteen Japanese destinations. The emotional evaluation of the pleasure and arousal dimensions for each destination was plotted on a two-dimensional grid. The results suggest that the majority of destinations that received a positive evaluation were perceived as exciting (high pleasure and arousal), rather than relaxing (high pleasure and low arousal), by tourists

ɤd→ dπ+π- 反応におけるNΛ共鳴の探索

Tohoku University中村哲課

Comparison of parametric FBP and OS-EM reconstruction algorithm images for PET dynamic study

An Ordered subsets expectation maximization(OS-EM) algorithm is used for image reconstruction to suppress image noise and to make non-negative value images. We have applied OS-EM to a digital brain phantom and to human brain 18F-FDG PET kinetic studies to generate parametric images. A 45 min dynamic scan was performed starting injection of FDG with a 2D PET scanner. The images were reconstructed with OS-EM(6 iterations,16 subsets)and with filtered backprijection(FBP),and K1 ,K2 and K3 images were created by the Marquardt non-linear least squares method based on the 3-parameter kinetic model.Although the OS-EM activity images correlated fairly well with those obtained by FBP,the pixel correlations were poor for the K2 and K3 parametric images,but the plots were scattered along the line of identity and the mean values for K1,K2 and K3 obtained by OS-EM were almost equal to those by FBP.The kinetic fitting error for OS-EM was no smaller than that for FBP.The results suggest that OS-EM is not necessarily superior to FBP for creating parametric images