The Qumran Scribal Practice: The evidence from orthography and morphology

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The Septuagint Translation of the Hebrew Bible:Its Nature and Importance for Scholarship

The “Septuagint" the ancient Jewish-Greek translation of Hebrew Scripture, is the very first Greek translation,of the Torah (Pentateuch),translated by seventy-two elders, followed by the other books. The first translation was so dominant that its name was ultimately attached to these other translations as well. The collection of Greek Scripture contains Greek versions of all the books of Hebrew Scripture,Greek versions of Hebrew books such as Baruch and Sirach not included in Hebrew Scripture,and writings originally written in Greek.The LXX translation was a Jewish venture,but soon a trend developed to replace the LXX with new translations. The LXX influenced the NT at various levels. The LXX was the first written translation of Hebrew Scripture. Therefore,the translators had to overcome many problems,and among other things,they had to develop translation styles. The general approaches of translators are usually expressed as “literal",“free",or “paraphrastic".Many renderings reflect the cultural environment of the translators,which consisted of elements of both the Palestinian and Egyptian societies.The LXX was translated from a Hebrew text that differed, often greatly, from MT.This is not surprising,since in antiquity many differing copies of the Hebrew Scripture text were in circulation. Some of these differences are minor,while others are major.In our analysis of Hebrew Scripture, we must supplement the data of MT with valuable information included in the LXX

The Septuagint Translation of the Hebrew Bible:Its Nature and Importance for Scholarship

The “Septuagint" the ancient Jewish-Greek translation of Hebrew Scripture, is the very first Greek translation,of the Torah (Pentateuch),translated by seventy-two elders, followed by the other books. The first translation was so dominant that its name was ultimately attached to these other translations as well. The collection of Greek Scripture contains Greek versions of all the books of Hebrew Scripture,Greek versions of Hebrew books such as Baruch and Sirach not included in Hebrew Scripture,and writings originally written in Greek.The LXX translation was a Jewish venture,but soon a trend developed to replace the LXX with new translations. The LXX influenced the NT at various levels. The LXX was the first written translation of Hebrew Scripture. Therefore,the translators had to overcome many problems,and among other things,they had to develop translation styles. The general approaches of translators are usually expressed as “literal",“free",or “paraphrastic".Many renderings reflect the cultural environment of the translators,which consisted of elements of both the Palestinian and Egyptian societies.The LXX was translated from a Hebrew text that differed, often greatly, from MT.This is not surprising,since in antiquity many differing copies of the Hebrew Scripture text were in circulation. Some of these differences are minor,while others are major.In our analysis of Hebrew Scripture, we must supplement the data of MT with valuable information included in the LXX

From Damage to Discovery Via Virtual Unwrapping: Reading the Scroll from En-Gedi

Computer imaging techniques are commonly used to preserve and share readable manuscripts, but capturing writing locked away in ancient, deteriorated documents poses an entirely different challenge. This software pipeline—referred to as “virtual unwrapping”—allows textual artifacts to be read completely and noninvasively. The systematic digital analysis of the extremely fragile En-Gedi scroll (the oldest Pentateuchal scroll in Hebrew outside of the Dead Sea Scrolls) reveals the writing hidden on its untouchable, disintegrating sheets. Our approach for recovering substantial ink-based text from a damaged object results in readable columns at such high quality that serious critical textual analysis can occur. Hence, this work creates a new pathway for subsequent textual discoveries buried within the confines of damaged materials

Prayer and Poetry in the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature

This volume is first major volume of articles devoted to the topic of prayer and poetry in the Dead Sea Scrolls since Liturgical Perspectives was published over a decade ago. This volume includes discussion of new insights, and findings of other leaders in this field that reflect the state of research on specific prayers and poetic texts. Contributors include the most notable researchers in the field: G. Brooke, E. Chazon, J. Collins, D. Falk, E. Tov, H. Najman, M. Boda, D. Dimant, L. DiTommaso, I. Frölich, J. Newman, C. Newsom, J. VanderKam, J. Zilm, M. Abegg, P. Flint, C. Korting, R. Kratz, R. Kugler, A. Lange, M. Pajunen, É. Puech, A. Reinhartz, S. W. Crawford

El desarrollo textual de la Torah

This article primarily discusses the textual transmission of the Torah. The creation of a stemma of the textual branches of the Torah allows us to portray graphically the relation between the ancient texts as a basis for the description of their development. It is noted that the number of textual branches of the Torah was much more extensive than that of the other books due to both its popularity and special sanctity. This sanctity thus did not prevent the textual and exegetical development of the Torah literature. The popularity of the Torah gave rise to a large number of textual branches, with almost all of them, apart from Masoretic Text (MT) and a few additional texts, bearing secondary features.El presente artículo aborda principalmente la transmisión textual de la Torah. La creación de un stemma de las ramas textuales de la Torah permite retratar gráficamente la relación entre los textos antiguos como base para la descripción de su desarrollo. Se observa que el número de ramas textuales de la Torah era mucho más extenso que la de los otros libros debido a su popularidad y a su especial carácter sagrado, pero que por otro lado no impidió el desarrollo textual y exegético de la literatura de la Torah. La popularidad de la Torah dio lugar a un gran número de familias/ramas de texto, casi todas ellas aparte del Texto Masorético (TM) y algunos textos adicionales con características secundarias

Protomasorético, premasorético, semimasorético y masorético

In this study, the author searches the use of the terms “Proto-Masoretic,” “Pre-Masoretic,” “Semi-Masoretic” and “Masoretic,” trying to clarify how they were used, what they imply and how they articulate with the main text theories. Searching for higher precision, the author proposes and defines the designations to the MT and proto-Masoretic as the most adequate to talk about the forms of the Hebrew text prior to the MT and known since thediscoveries in Qumram and the Judean Desert.En el presente estudio, el autor rastrea el uso de los términos protomasorético, premasorético, semimasorético y masorético, intentando dilucidar cómo fueron empleados, qué implican y cómo se articulan con las principales teorías textuales. En búsqueda de una mayor precisión, el autor propone y define las designaciones al TM y proto-masorético como las más adecuadas para hablar de las formas del texto hebreo previas al TM y conocidas desdelos descubrimientos en Qumrán y el desierto de Judea