Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on kidney functions of albino rats in vivo study

Abstract In the present study fifty male albino rats were equally divided into three groups namely A, B and C, group A used as control group, groups B and C were divided into two subgroups namely B 1 , B 2 and C 1 , C 2 respectively. B 1 & C 1 were exposed to 50Hz, 3KV/m electric field (EF) for the periods of 15, 30 days respectively; B 2 &C 2 were housed at normal environmental conditions for the periods of 15, 30 days respectively. Fresh samples of kidney and blood were collected for experimental investigations. The dielectric constant (έ) and electrical conductivity (σ) were measured to investigate any changes in kidney structure. Kidney function was studied through analysis of urea & creatinine after exposure to EF. The results show high significant changes in the value of έ and σ of kidney for all groups as compared with control. EF can induce significant increase in the levels of kidney profile creatinine & urea, these variations were recovered during two weeks after stopping exposure but they did not return to its original control values. Kidney histological section showed abnormal configuration of renal tubules, congested blood vessel and degenerated renal tubules, necrosis, glomerular shrinkage, and increase in space between glomerulus and Bowman's capsule

Ternary Ti-Mo-Fe Nanotubes as Efficient Photoanodes for Solar-Assisted Water Splitting

Designing efficient and stable water splitting photocatalysts is an intriguing challenge for energy conversion systems. We report on the optimal fabrication of perfectly aligned nanotubes on trimetallic Ti-Mo-Fe alloy with different compositions prepared via the combination of metallurgical control and facile electrochemical anodization in organic media. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns revealed the presence of composite oxides of anatase TiO2and magnetite Fe3O4with better stability and crystallinity. With the optimal alloy composition Ti-(5.0 atom %) Mo-(5.0 atom %) Fe anodized for 16 h, enhanced conductivity, improved photocatalytic performance, and remarkable stability were achieved in comparison with Ti-(3.0 atom %) Mo-(1.0 atom %) Fe samples. Such optimized nanotube films attained an enhanced photocatalytic activity of ∼0.272 mA/cm2at 0.9 VSCE, which is approximately 4 times compared to the bare TiO2nanotubes fabricated under the same conditions (∼0.041 mA/cm2at 0.9 VSCE). That was mainly correlated with the emergence of Mo and Fe impurities within the lattice, providing excess charge carriers. Meanwhile, the nanotubes showed outstanding stability with a longer electron lifetime. Moreover, carrier density variations, lower charge transfer resistance, and charge carriers dynamics features were demonstrated via the Mott-Schottky and electrochemical impedance analyses