Effect of Blood Pressure Control on Long-Term Risk of End-Stage Renal Disease and Death Among Subgroups of Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background Our objective was to explore the effect of intensive blood pressure (BP) control on kidney and death outcomes among subgroups of patients with chronic kidney disease divided by baseline proteinuria, glomerular filtration rate, age, and body mass index. Methods and Results We included 840 MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) trial and 1067 AASK (African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension) participants. We used Cox models to examine whether the association between intensive BP control and risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or death is modified by baseline proteinuria (≥0.44 versus <0.44 g/g), glomerular filtration rate (≥30 versus <30 mL/min per 1.73 m2), age (≥40 versus <40 years), or body mass index (≥30 versus <30 kg/m2). The median follow-up was 14.9 years. Strict (versus usual) BP control was protective against ESRD (hazard ratio [HR]ESRD, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.64-0.92) among those with proteinuria ≥0.44 g/g but not proteinuria <0.44 g/g. Strict (versus usual) BP control was protective against death (HRdeath, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.59-0.92) among those with glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min per 1.73 m2 but not glomerular filtration rate ≥30 mL/min per 1.73 m2 (HRdeath, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.84-1.15). Strict (versus usual) BP control was protective against ESRD among those ≥40 years (HRESRD, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.71-0.94) but not <40 years. Strict (versus usual) BP control was also protective against ESRD among those with body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 (HRESRD, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.61-0.92) but not body mass index <30 kg/m2. Conclusions The ESRD and all-cause mortality benefits of intensive BP lowering may not be uniform across all subgroups of patients with chronic kidney disease. But intensive BP lowering was not associated with increased risk of ESRD or death among any subgroups that we examined

Studi Interaksi Molekul Komponen Minyak Nilam Dengan Reseptor Olfaktori Sebagai Repellent Nyamuk Culex SP Secara in Silico Dan in Vitro

The components of patchouli oil consist of mayor e.g patchouli alcohol and minor component such as patchoulene, α-guaiene, syechellen, and caryophyllene. These compounds are potentially as repellent or attractant against insects. The purpose of this research is to determine the activity of the Culex sp mosquito repellency using patchouli oil in silico and in vitro. Assessment of in silico modeling is through based on interactions of terpenoid the Culex sp mosquito olfactory receptor structure was downloaded from www.pdb.org with access code 3OGN while the ligand structure downloaded from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. The modeling by using Autodock Tools 1.5.4 docking of the ligands were done in consecutive performing of α-guaine, α-patchoulen, vellence, caryophyllene, and syechellen respectively. In comparing with commercial repellent DEET, the patchouli oil component with minus patchouli alcohol have more potent as repellent with Kd = 330 µM, while Kd of DEET is 7,31 µM. Patchouli oil components have potential as a repellent better than DEET, it is indicated from Kd values greater than Kd DEET. By in vitro experiment, patchouli oil showed repellency at EC50 = 6,19 ± 0,55 ppm

IMPACT OF A MULTI-COMPONENT EXERCISE AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PROGRAM FOR SEDENTARY, COMMUNITY-DWELLING, OLDER ADULTS

Participation in physical activity is an evidence-based strategy for improving health in older adults. However, less than 30% of older adults engage in any form of regular physical activity. Despite the development of best practice recommendations, the impact of physical activity programs on older adult participation and the performance of activities of daily living (ADL) is not well understood. This dissertation examined best practice programs in relation to ADL performance through a literature review and an intervention study. Our systematic review identified 15 studies on multi-component, group, exercise interventions for community-dwelling older adults. Studies varied greatly in terms of setting, sample size, mode of exercise, length of intervention, and outcomes, and only four studies included all the recommendations of best practice. ADL performance was the least frequently included outcome, supporting the need for additional research. Our pretest, posttest, and post-posttest cohort study evaluated the effects of a 10 week, multi-component, best practice, exercise program on physical activity, ADL performance, physical performance, and depression in community-dwelling, older adults from low-income households (N = 15). Comparison of pretest and posttest scores using a one-tailed paired samples t-test resulted in improvement (p < .05) for 2 of 3 ADL domains on the Activity Measure-Post Acute Care (AM-PAC) and on all 6 physical performance measures of the Senior Fitness Test (SFT), with medium to large effect sizes for all measures. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) yielded no significant change. Physical activity was evaluated at pretest, at 4 weeks posttest, and at 8 weeks post-posttest using the Yale Physical Activity Scale (YPAS). Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant main effects for 3 of 8 measures - Total Activity Hours, Total Energy Expenditure, and the Leisurely Walking Index. Post-hoc analysis using the Bonferroni adjustment was significant only for the Leisurely Walking Index from pretest to posttest. Retention rate was 78.9%, and the adherence rate for group sessions was 89.7%. These results suggest that implementation of a multi-component, best practice exercise and physical activity program with sedentary, community-dwelling older adults may be well tolerated and may positively impact physical activity, ADL performance, and physical performance

Pembentukan Populasi Mutan Azospirillum Dengan Menggunakan Transposon Untuk Sifat Superior Terhadap Pelarutan P

Azospirillum sp. which has the ability for nitrogenfixation and phosphate solubilization may support modernfarming in Indonesia that is mostly dependent on the USAgeof chemical fertilizer N, P, and K. Genetic quality ofAzospirillum was improved in this research to obtainsuperior characters toward phosphate solubilization so thatit can become more effective in use for farmers. To achievethis goal, Azospirillum was mutated by means ofelectroporation using transposon EZ-Tn5&lt;kan-2&gt;Tnp. Theelectrotransformation resulted in 20 out of 22 transformantstested contained the marker gen (npt). 10, 6 and 4 mutantshave increased, decreased and lost phosphate-solubilizingfunction, respectively. Mutant with elevated phosphatesolubilizingability may be selected further to be utilized asbiofertilizer while others may be useful for identification ofgenes responsible for phosphate solubilization

Kajian Secara in Silico Terhadap Potensi Eugenol Dan Sitronelal Sebagai Pestisida Nabati Untuk Pengendalian Serangga Helopeltis Antonii

Potensi eugenol dan sitronelal sebagai pestisida nabati dikaji melalui pemodelan secara in silico. Interaksi antara ligan eugenol dan sitronelal sebagai bioaktif dengan mitrokondria Helopeltis antonii sebagai reseptor, dikaji dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak Autodock Tools dan Autodock Vina. Hasil kajian in silico menunjukkan bahwa dengan metode multiple docking menggunakan Autodock Tools diperoleh nilai inhibisi (ki) campuran eugenol – sitronelal sebesar 4,20 mM dan nilai energi ikat bebas (∆G) sebesar -3,24 kkal/mol. Sedangkan hasil validasi menggunakan Autodock Vina menunjukkan bahwa interaksi antara eugenol – sitronelal memiliki nilai afinitas energi ikat bebas (∆Gaff) sebesar -4,8 kkal/mol dan nilai inhibisi (ki) sebesar 3,300 mM

Le paludisme urbain à Yaoundé (Cameroun) : 2. Etude entomologique dans deux quartiers peu urbanisés

International audienceA one year entomological survey was carried out to precise the malaria vectors and the malaria transmission in Yaounde, the Cameroon capital (800,000 inhabitants). The study was done in two districts not yet fully urbanized: Nkol Bikok and Nkol Bisson. The latter is located at the periphery and has a pool. Anopheles gambiae was the only human malaria vector. Its agressivity for man depended on the urbanization of the district. Annual man biting rate was 284 in Nkol Bikok and 1,813 in Nkol Bisson. The densities were maximum in May-June and in October-November, corresponding to the end of the short and long rainy seasons. The presence of A. gambiae was permanent except in August-September in Nkol Bikok. In Nkol Bisson the density was higher in the houses near the pool. The yearly inoculation rate (h) was 14 in Nkol Bikok and 30 in Nkol Bisson. The vectorial transmission was observed in may in Nkol Bikok and during four months (June, August, January, February) in Nkol Bisson. These entomological data showed clearly that malaria transmission actually occurred in Yaounde and that the probability to receive at least one infected anopheline bite per year was very near to 1 for inhabitants unprotected against mosquito bites.Une étude longitudinale basée sur la capture des moustiques sur sujets humains s'est déroulée pendant un an dans deux quartiers de la ville de Yaoundé, l'un est situé à la périphérie de la ville (Nkol Bisson) et l'autre est plus central (Nkol Bikok). Ces deux quartiers présentent encore un caractère périurbain mais ils sont en pleine urbanisation. Le vecteur du paludisme humain identifé est Anopheles gambiae. Sa densité agressive pour l'homme (ma) est variable selon le degré d'urbanisation des quartiers : forte en Zone périphérique (ma annuel = I 813) et faible en zone centrale (ma annuel = 284). Cette densité est importante de mai à juin et d'octobre 6 novembre, c'est-à-dire à la fin de la petite et de la grande saison des pluies. Le taux d'inoculation (h) varie comme les densités agressives : h annuel = 30 en zone périphérique contre 14 en zone centrale. La transmission vectorielle est notable seulement pendant un mois (mai) à Nkol Bikok et pendant quatre mois (juin, août, janvier, février) à Nkol Bisson. Le risque quotidien d'au moins une inoculation par A. gambiae est environ deux fois plus élevé en zone périphérique qu'en zone centrale