44 research outputs found
課外学習を利用した看護シミュレーション教育の場づくり
看護学科は、シミュレーション教育の推進のため看護シミュレータ委員会を設置しその教育に取り組んだ。看護シミュレータ委員会は、平成29年度にシミュレータ教材の活用促進と看護学生の知識及び技術の向上を図るための教育支援として発足した。その中で4年次生は、卒業時OSCEの代用教材である自己学習I.V.トレーニングシステム(バーチャルI.V.)の実施を行い、2年次生、3年次生においては、フィジカルアセスメント“physiko”を活用して看護実践能力の向上を図る場とした。また、本教育プログラムは、看護技術の向上だけでなく学生が主体的に実施・計画を立案し、学年を縦断した学生同士の協働作業により、教え合い学び合うことができるアクティブラーニングの実践の場となった。本プログラムには、対象となる学生の95%以上の学生の参加が認められた。一方で、学生個々の事前学習の在り方やグループ編成に偏りがみられたこと、また教員による学生へのサポート体制の充実などの見直しの必要性が課題となった
Biodistribution and Pharmacokinetics of O-Palmitoyl Tilisolol, a Lipophilic Prodrug of Tilisolol, after Intravenous Administration in Rats
The purpose of this study was to modify the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of tilisolol, a β-blocker, using the palmitoyl prodrug approach. After intravenous administration of tilisolol and O-palmitoyl tilisolol in rats, drug concentrations were determined in blood, bile, urine, and several tissues. The concentration-time profiles of tilisolol and O-palmitoyl tilisolol were analyzed pharmacokinetically. The blood concentrations of O-palmitoyl tilisolol after intravenous administration of O-palmitoyl tilisolol were about 10-fold higher than those of tilisolol after intravenous administration of tilisolol. The biliary excretion rates of O-palmitoyl tilisolol and tilisolol after intravenous administration of O-palmitoyl tilisolol were about 10- to 100-fold larger than those of tilisolol after intravenous administration of tilisolol. In addition, the hepatic uptake clearance of O-palmitoyl tilisolol after intravenous administration of O-palmitoyl tilisolol was 3.6-fold higher than that of tilisolol after the intravenous administration of tilisolol. In the in vitro experiments, it was demonstrated that the distribution ratios between blood cells and plasma (blood/plasma) of O-palmitoyl tilisolol and tilisolol was 95.7 and 55.5%, respectively. These findings suggest that O-palmitoyl tilisolol exists as a binding form with biological components, especially blood cells, in systemic circulation. In conclusion, the palmitoyl prodrug approach is useful as a drug delivery system to deliver the parent drug to the liver
Factors Influencing Parenting Stress in the Mothers of Infants and the Effects of Artwork Production
Background: The importance of support for the mothers of infants to cope with parenting stress due to isolated parenting environments is being emphasized. In order to reduce the parenting stress in parenting mothers while improving the quality of parenting support for them, it is important to identify factors influencing such stress. We investigated the effects of artwork production in different styles, conducted self-evaluation of such production, and identified factors influencing parenting stress in mothers, involving those who participated in a handprint artwork production workshop. Methods: We included 140 mothers who participated in a handprint artwork production workshop, dividing them into 2 groups: A: 70 with children younger than 3 years of age who engaged in artwork production alone; and B: 70 who engaged in it through collaboration with their children aged 3 years or older. The instructor distributed an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire to all the mothers, and collected their responses. The questionnaire examined the following items: attributes, the number of participations in the workshop, artwork production self-evaluation, and parenting stress. Results: There were 140 (100%) responses, and the number of valid responses was 65 from Group A and 54 from Group B, a total of 119 (85%). The mean [parenting strain] score was significantly higher in Group B. Multiple regression analysis identified the child’s age and presence/absence of his/her siblings overall and in Group A, and , an item for artwork production self-evaluation, in Group B as factors influencing the total [parenting strain] score. Conclusion: The present results suggest that the child’s age and presence/absence of his/her siblings could influence parenting stress in the mothers. Additionally, there was a correlation between the level of parenting stress and score for among the mothers who engaged in artwork production through collaboration with their children
Effects of olanzapine on resting heart rate in Japanese patients with schizophrenia.
It has long been known that antipsychotic drugs (ATP) causes tachycardia, however details such as the differences between ATP are not well known. In recent years, the relationship between the rise in resting heart rate (RHR) and the increased risk of death in the general population has been garnering attention. In this study, we examined the difference in action on RHR between olanzapine (OLZ) and aripiprazole (ARP). The changes in the RHR on switching from OLZ to ARP and on increasing from the starting OLZ dose to the final one were evaluated in 19 outpatients (Study 1) and in 29 outpatients with schizophrenia (Study 2), respectively. To analyze the RHR, electrocardiographic measurements were obtained. At the same day, the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) was evaluated, and fasting blood samples were drawn after an overnight fast of at least 8 h to examine electrolytes. Both Study 1 and 2 were conducted with the approval of the Gene Ethics Committee of Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, and the patients were treated at the outpatient psychiatric clinic at Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital. All patients had been diagnosed with schizophrenia based on the DSM-IV-TR. In the Study 1, OLZ of 14.6 ± 9.2mg (mean ± standard deviation) was switched to ARP of 20.8 ± 8.1mg. Significant decreases were observed in the mean RHR after the switch to ARP (73.7 ± 9.7 vs 65.8 ± 10.9 beats/min, p = 0.008). In the Study 2, the starting OLZ dose was 7.2 ± 3.2mg and the increasing OLZ dose was 18.3 ± 7.4mg. Significant increases were observed in the mean RHR after increasing OLZ (69.7 ± 14.0 vs 75.6 ± 14.3 beats/min, p = 0.004). In this study, it was shown that OLZ has a stronger RHR enhancing effect compared to ARP and its effects are dose-dependent. If the increase in RHR increases the mortality rate of patients with schizophrenia, it may be necessary to further investigate the differences between ATP in terms of the effect on RHR of second-generation antipsychotics with a strong anticholinergic action or phenothiazine antipsychotics
Contribution of CD4+ or CD8+ T Cell Subsets in the Induction of Asthma in C57BL/6 Mice
Background: Respiratory viral infections are known to be a risk factor for the exacerbation of asthma. In a model of asthma with influenza A virus infection, dendritic cells play an important role during antigen sensitization and antigen challenge. However, the role of T cells in the asthma-influenza A model was unclear. The aim of the present study was to assess the roles of T cells during antigen sensitization and antigen challenge in the asthmatic model.
Methods: C57BL/6 mice were infected with influenza A virus and were sensitized with inhaled antigen during the acute phase of the virus infection. Anti-CD4 or anti-CD8 monoclonal antibodies were administered during antigen sensitization or antigen challenge to evaluate the role of CD4+ or CD8+ T cells in this murine model of asthma. The onset of asthma was determined by eosinophil recruitment into the lung.
Results: During antigen sensitization, depletion of either CD4+ or CD8+ T cells resulted in an absence of eosinophil infiltration into the lung after antigen challenge. However, during antigen challenge, depletion of CD4+ T cells did cause such an absence of eosinophil infiltration.
Conclusions: During antigen sensitization, both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were required in C57BL/6 mice for exacerbation of asthma. During antigen challenge, CD4+ T cells were important for the onset of asthma, whereas CD8+ T cells do not affect eosinophil recruitment into the lung
Quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Based on PULCON Methodology: Application to Quantification of Invaluable Marine Toxin, Okadaic Acid
ERETIC2 (Electronic Reference To access In vivo Concentrations 2) based on PULCON (Pulse Length–based Concentration determination) methodology is a quantitative NMR (qNMR) using an external standard. The performance of the PULCON method was assessed using maleic acid (MA). Quantification of the diarrhetic shellfish toxin and okadaic acid by PULCON was successfully consistent with that obtained by a conventional internal standard method, demonstrating that the PULCON method is useful for the quantification of invaluable marine toxins without any contaminations by an internal standard
Changes in resting heart rate and clinical parameters in switching from olanzapine to aripiprazole treatment.
<p>Changes in resting heart rate and clinical parameters in switching from olanzapine to aripiprazole treatment.</p