Cusp Universality for Random Matrices I: Local Law and the Complex Hermitian Case

For complex Wigner-type matrices, i.e. Hermitian random matrices with independent, not necessarily identically distributed entries above the diagonal, we show that at any cusp singularity of the limiting eigenvalue distribution the local eigenvalue statistics are universal and form a Pearcey process. Since the density of states typically exhibits only square root or cubic root cusp singularities, our work complements previous results on the bulk and edge universality and it thus completes the resolution of the Wigner-Dyson-Mehta universality conjecture for the last remaining universality type in the complex Hermitian class. Our analysis holds not only for exact cusps, but approximate cusps as well, where an extended Pearcey process emerges. As a main technical ingredient we prove an optimal local law at the cusp for both symmetry classes. This result is also used in the companion paper [arXiv:1811.04055] where the cusp universality for real symmetric Wigner-type matrices is proven.Comment: 58 pages, 2 figures. Updated introduction and reference

Random Matrices with Slow Correlation Decay

We consider large random matrices with a general slowly decaying correlation among its entries. We prove universality of the local eigenvalue statistics and optimal local laws for the resolvent away from the spectral edges, generalizing the recent result of [arXiv:1604.08188] to allow slow correlation decay and arbitrary expectation. The main novel tool is a systematic diagrammatic control of a multivariate cumulant expansion.Comment: 41 pages, 1 figure. We corrected a typo in (4.1b

Universality for general Wigner-type matrices

We consider the local eigenvalue distribution of large self-adjoint $N\times N$ random matrices $\mathbf{H}=\mathbf{H}^*$ with centered independent entries. In contrast to previous works the matrix of variances $s_{ij} = \mathbb{E}\, |h_{ij}|^2$ is not assumed to be stochastic. Hence the density of states is not the Wigner semicircle law. Its possible shapes are described in the companion paper [1]. We show that as $N$ grows, the resolvent, $\mathbf{G}(z)=(\mathbf{H}-z)^{-1}$, converges to a diagonal matrix, $\mathrm{diag}(\mathbf{m}(z))$, where $\mathbf{m}(z)=(m_1(z),\dots,m_N(z))$ solves the vector equation $-1/m_i(z) = z + \sum_j s_{ij} m_j(z)$ that has been analyzed in [1]. We prove a local law down to the smallest spectral resolution scale, and bulk universality for both real symmetric and complex hermitian symmetry classes.Comment: Changes in version 3: The format of pictures was changed to resolve a conflict with certain pdf viewer

The Dyson equation with linear self-energy: spectral bands, edges and cusps

We study the unique solution $m$ of the Dyson equation $$-m(z)^{-1} = z - a + S[m(z)]$$ on a von Neumann algebra $\mathcal{A}$ with the constraint $\mathrm{Im}\,m\geq 0$. Here, $z$ lies in the complex upper half-plane, $a$ is a self-adjoint element of $\mathcal{A}$ and $S$ is a positivity-preserving linear operator on $\mathcal{A}$. We show that $m$ is the Stieltjes transform of a compactly supported $\mathcal{A}$-valued measure on $\mathbb{R}$. Under suitable assumptions, we establish that this measure has a uniformly $1/3$-H\"{o}lder continuous density with respect to the Lebesgue measure, which is supported on finitely many intervals, called bands. In fact, the density is analytic inside the bands with a square-root growth at the edges and internal cubic root cusps whenever the gap between two bands vanishes. The shape of these singularities is universal and no other singularity may occur. We give a precise asymptotic description of $m$ near the singular points. These asymptotics generalize the analysis at the regular edges given in the companion paper on the Tracy-Widom universality for the edge eigenvalue statistics for correlated random matrices [arXiv:1804.07744] and they play a key role in the proof of the Pearcey universality at the cusp for Wigner-type matrices [arXiv:1809.03971,arXiv:1811.04055]. We also extend the finite dimensional band mass formula from [arXiv:1804.07744] to the von Neumann algebra setting by showing that the spectral mass of the bands is topologically rigid under deformations and we conclude that these masses are quantized in some important cases.Comment: 72 pages, 4 figures. We added several equivalent characterisations for a regular edge and an additional reference. Moreover, we included a proof for Lemma B.2 and removed some typos and inconsistencie