Integrated short and medium term underground mine production scheduling

The development of short- and medium-term mine production schedules in isolation from each other has meant that only a local optimum can be achieved when each scheduling phase is carried out. The globally optimal solution, however, can be achieved when integrating scheduling phases and accounting for the interaction between short-term and medium-term activities simultaneously. This paper addresses the task of integrating short- and medium term production plans by combining the short-term objective of minimizing deviation from targeted mill feed grade with the medium-term objective of maximizing net present value (NPV) into a single mathematical optimization model. A conceptual sublevel stoping operation comprising 30 stopes is used for trialling segregated and integrated scheduling approaches. Segregated medium- and short-term scheduling using separate models achieved an NPV of $42 654 456. The final scheduling approach involved integrating the two scheduling horizons using the newly-developed globally optimal integrated production scheduling model to achieve an NPV of$42 823 657 with smoother mill feed grade. The larger the stope data set, the larger the difference between the two scheduling approaches is likely to be. At the very least, an integrated approach ensures feasibility across the two scheduling horizons, which cannot always be assumed when using a segregated approach

Determination of ontogenetic selection criteria for grain yield in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) by pathcoefficient analysis

Path-coefficient analysis was performed to determine the interrelationships among grain yield, yield components (spike number per m-2, kernel number per spike, average kernel weight) and somephenological characteristics (duration and growing degree-days of vegetative and grain-filling periods) in spring barley genotypes in 2004-2005. Grain yield depended mainly on spike number per m-2 andkernel number per spike; average kernel weight had a negligible effect on grain yield in spring barley genotypes. Grain yield was significantly and positively associated with the spike number per m-2 andnegatively correlated with other characteristics studied. Spike number per m-2 had considerable negative effect on the average kernel weight. A lengthening of the grain-filling period induced an increase in the average kernel weight and a positive and significant correlation was found between the two characteristics. Spike number per m-2 and kernel number had positive direct effects on grain yield in spring barley genotypes. The growing degree-days (GDD) for vegetative period had significant positive direct effect on kernel number, and the GDD for grain-filling period had significant positive direct effect on kernel weight. The results indicated that spike number per m-2, kernel number per spike and the GDD for vegetative and grain filling period were the most reliable selection criteria for improving grain yield in spring barley in cool and short-season environments

Monitoring the changes of Lake Uluabat Ramsar site and its surroundings in the 1985-2021 period using RS and GIS methods

Ramsar sites are important ecosystems that are protected by international status, have great value in terms of biodiversity, and constitute a resource in terms of economic, cultural, scientific and recreational aspects. In this study, the change of Lake Uluabat Ramsar Site and its surroundings, between the years 1985-2021 has been observed. For this, Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) methods were used. Vegetation change in the lake and its surroundings in 1985, 2000, 2015 and 2021 with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and changes in water surfaces with the water indices Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (mNDWI) were analyzed by using Landsat multi-band satellite images (Landsat 5 TM, Landsat 7 ETM and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS) as RS data. The resulting changes were monitored and the success of the indices in determining these areas and the relations of the indices with each other were questioned by Accuracy index, Kappa coefficent, and Correlation analyses. The results show 36-year long-term changes and reveal a 13.06% shrinkage of Uluabat Lake wetland and surrounding water areas with the highest kappa coefficients for mNDWI as 0.83, 0.90, 0.93, 0.97, respectively, over the years studied

DNA precursor pool: a significant target for N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in C3H/10T1/2 clone 8 cells.

Synchronized C3H/10T1/2 clone 8 cells were treated in vitro with a nontoxic dose of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea during their S phase. Chromatographic isolation of the deoxyribonucleotide DNA precursor pool and measurement of the precursor content per cell showed that a nucleic acid residue in the precursor pool is 190-13,000 times more susceptible to methylation than a residue in the DNA duplex, depending on the site of methylation. This conclusion comes from measurements indicating that, for example, the N-1 position of adenine in dATP is 6.3 times more methylated than the same position in the DNA, even though the adenine content of the pool is only a fraction (0.0005) of the adenine content of the DNA helix. The comparative susceptibility between pool and DNA was found to vary with the site of methylation in the order the N-1 position of adenine greater than phosphate greater than the N-3 position of adenine greater than the O6 position of guanine greater than the N-7 position of guanine. The significance of these results for chemical mutagenesis and carcinogenesis is discussed

Mutagenic frequencies of site-specifically located O6-methylguanine in wild-type Escherichia coli and in a strain deficient in ada-methyltransferase.

The adaptive response of Escherichia coli involves protection of the cells against the toxic and mutagenic consequences of exposure to high doses of a methylating agent by prior exposure to low doses of the agent. Ada protein, a major repair activity for O6-methylguanine, is activated to positively control the adaptive response; O6-methylguanine is one of the major mutagenic lesions produced by methylating agents. We investigated the mutation frequency of wild-type Escherichia coli and strains containing the ada-5 mutation in response to site-specifically synthesized O6-methylguanine under conditions in which the adaptive response was not induced. Site-directed mutagenesis and oligonucleotide self-selection techniques were used to isolate the progeny of M13mp18 DNAs constructed to contain O6-methylguanine at any of eight different positions. The progeny were isolated from E. coli strains isogeneic except for deficiency in Ada-methyltransferase repair, UvrABC excision repair, or both. The resulting O6-methylguanine mutation levels at each position were determined by using differential oligonucleotide hybridization. We found that the wild type had up to a 2.6-fold higher mutation frequency than ada-5 mutants. In addition, the mutation frequency varied with the position of the O6-methylguanine in the DNA in the wild type but not in ada-5 mutants; O6-methylguanine lesions at the 5' ends of runs of consecutive guanines gave the highest mutation frequencies. Determination of the mutation frequency of O6-methylguanine in wild-type and mutS cells showed that mismatch repair can affect O6-methylguanine mutation levels

Down but not out: properties of the molecular gas in the stripped Virgo Cluster early-type galaxy NGC4526

We present ALMA data on the 3mm continuum emission, CO isotopologues (12CO, 13CO, C18O), and high-density molecular tracers (HCN, HCO+, HNC, HNCO, CS, CN, and CH3OH) in NGC4526. These data enable a detailed study of the physical properties of the molecular gas in a longtime resident of the Virgo Cluster; comparisons to more commonly-studied spiral galaxies offer intriguing hints into the processing of molecular gas in the cluster environment. Many molecular line ratios in NGC4526, along with our inferred abundances and CO/H2 conversion factors, are similar to those found in nearby spirals. One striking exception is the very low observed 12CO/13CO(1-0) line ratio, $3.4\pm0.3$, which is unusually low for spirals though not for Virgo Cluster early-type galaxies. We carry out radiative transfer modeling of the CO isotopologues with some archival (2-1) data, and we use Bayesian analysis with Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques to infer the physical properties of the CO-emitting gas. We find surprisingly low [12CO/13CO] abundance ratios of $7.8^{+2.7}_{-1.5}$ and $6.5^{+3.0}_{-1.3}$ at radii of 0.4 kpc and 1 kpc. The emission from the high-density tracers HCN, HCO+, HNC, CS and CN is also relatively bright, and CN is unusually optically thick in the inner parts of NGC4526. These features hint that processing in the cluster environment may have removed much of the galaxy's relatively diffuse, optically thinner molecular gas along with its atomic gas. Angular momentum transfer to the surrounding intracluster medium may also have caused contraction of the disk, magnifying radial gradients such as we find in [13CO/C18O]. More detailed chemical evolution modeling would be interesting in order to explore whether the unusual [12CO/13CO] abundance ratio is entirely an environmental effect or whether it also reflects the relatively old stellar population in this early-type galaxy.Comment: Submitted to ApJ. Comments are welcome

Дослідження потужності електричної активності утворень мозку за умов пілокарпін-індукованої спонтанної судомної активності = The investigation of brain structures magnitude in conditios of pilocarpine-induced spontaneous activity

Kopyova N. V., Lyashenko S. L., Topal M. M. Дослідження потужності електричної активності утворень мозку за умов пілокарпін-індукованої спонтанної судомної активності = The investigation of brain structures magnitude in conditios of pilocarpine-induced spontaneous activity. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(8):159-176. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI 10.5281/zenodo.28046http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.28046http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%288%29%3A159-176https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/607585Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011–2014 http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja.Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie.Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r.The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014).© The Author (s) 2015;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 05.06.2015. Revised 15.07.2015. Accepted: 12.08.2015. УДК 612.017.1:612.8.062;612.821.7+616.853 ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ПОТУЖНОСТІ ЕЛЕКТРИЧНОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ УТВОРЕНЬ МОЗКУ ЗА УМОВ ПІЛОКАРПІН-ІНДУКОВАНОЇ СПОНТАННОЇ СУДОМНОЇ АКТИВНОСТІTHE INVESTIGATION OF BRAIN STRUCTURES MAGNITUDE IN CONDITIOS OF PILOCARPINE-INDUCED SPONTANEOUS ACTIVITY Н. В. Копйова, С. Л. Ляшенко, *М. М. ТопалN. V. Kopyova, S. L. Lyashenko, *M. M. Topal Одеський національний медичний університет, Одеса; *Одеський національний університет ім. І. І. Мечникова, ОдесаOdessa National Medical University, Odessa; *Odessa I. I. Mechnikov National University, Odessa SummaryThe article deals with the results of the trials devoted to pilocarpine-induced spontaneous seizure activity pathophysiologic mechanisms investigation. With this aim the main factors determining spontaneous seizure onset were studied as well as hippocampus and frontal cortex pathogenetic role was investigated in conditions pilocarpine-induced chronic epileptogenesis. Status epilepticus development and its duration were shown to be the main factors determining pilocarpine-induced spontaneous seizures. Hippocampal hyperactivation was found to precede the spontaneous seizures formation that afterwards followed by the brain frontal cortex f the electrical activity strengthening. These brain structures electrical activity hyperactivation occurs due to a- and d-rhythms.Key words: pilocarpine, spontaneous seizures, the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, the power of the electrical activity, pathophysiologic mechanisms. РезюмеВ роботі наведені результати досліджень, присвячених з'ясуванню патофізіологічних механізмів спонтанної судомної активності, індукованої введенням пілокарпіну. З цією метою вивчали основні чинники, що визначають розвиток спонтанних судом, а також з'ясовували патогенетичну роль гіпокампу і фронтальної кори в умовах пілокарпін-викликаного хронічного епілептогенезу. Показано, що розвиток епілептичного статусу, а також його тривалість детермінують формування спонтанних пілокарпін-викликаних судомних реакцій. Визначено, що формуванню спонтанних судом передує гіперактивація нейронів гіпокампу, слід за чим посилюється електрична активність фронтальної кори мозку. Посилення електричної активності зазначених утворень мозку відбувається за рахунок a- та d-діапазонів.Ключові слова: пілокарпін, спонтанні судоми, гіпокамп, кора мозку, потужність електричної активності, патофізіологічні механізми. РезюмеИЗУЧЕНИЕ МОЩНОСТИ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ СТРУКТУР МОЗГА В УСЛОВИЯХ ПИЛОКАРПИН-ИНДУЦИРОВАННОЙ СПОНТАННОЙ СУДОРОЖНОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ. В работе приведены результаты исследований, посвященных выяснению патофизиологических механизмов спонтанной судорожной активности, индуцированной введением пилокарпина. С этой целью изучали основные факторы, определяющие развитие спонтанных судорог, а также выясняли патогенетическую роль гиппокампа и фронтальной коры в условиях пилокарпин-вызванного хронического эпилептогенеза. Показано, что развитие эпилептического статуса, а также его продолжительность детерминируют формирование спонтанных пилокарпин-вызванных судорожный реакций. Выяснено, что формированию спонтанных судорог предшествует гиперактивация нейронов гиппокампа, за которой потом следует усиление электрической активности фронтальной коры мозга. Усиление электрической активности отмеченных структур мозга происходит за счет a- и d-диапазонов.Ключевые слова: пилокарпин, спонтанные судороги, гиппокамп, кора мозга, мощность электрической активности, патофизиологические механизмы

Evaluation of Cathode Gas Composition and Temperature Influences on Alkaline Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (AAEMFC) Performance

The effects of different temperatures (55, 65, 75 and 85 °C) and cathode gas compositions (O2, synthetic air, air and 90% synthetic air+10% CO2) on alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AAEMFC) were evaluated. Membrane electrode assemblies (MEA) were fabricated using commercial anion exchange membrane (AEM) in OH- form and Pt catalyst. Polarization curves and voltage responses during constant current were performed in order to describe the influences of temperature and gas composition on the AAEMFC performance. The experimental results showed that the fuel cell performance increases with elevating temperatures for all applied gas compositions. Highest power density of 34.7 mW cm-2 was achieved for pure O2 as cathode feed. A decrease to 20.3 mW cm-2 was observed when cathode gas composition was changed to synthetic air due to reduction of the O2 partial pressure. The presence of CO2 in atmospheric air applied to the cathode stream caused a further drop of the maximum power density to 15.2 mW cm-2 driven by neutralization of OH- ions with CO2